Recent studies in bacterial pathogenesis reveal common and contrasting mechanisms of pathogen virulence and host resistance in plant and animal diseases. This review presents recent developments in the study of plant and animal pathogenesis, with respect to bacterial colonization and the delivery of effector proteins to the host. Furthermore, host defense responses in both plants and animals ar...

Heterotrimeric G-proteins have been proposed to be involved in many aspects of plant disease resistance but their precise role in mediating nonhost disease resistance is not well understood. We evaluated the roles of specific subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins using knock-out mutants of Arabidopsis Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits in response to host and nonhost Pseudomonas pathogens. Plants lacking f...

mastitis is one of the most costly diseases in the dairy industry. the use of antibiotics in the treatment of mastitis leads to bacterial resistance and health problems for consumers. this study aimed to determine the antibacterial properties of essential oil of thymus vulgaris on the bacteria staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and staphylococcus were agalactia. antibacterial properties of...

abstract the ability to monitor particular microorganism in an environment is a difficult task. many genes permit the differentiation of strains by conferring production of unique phenotypes such as bioluminescence [marine bacterial luciferase (luxab)]. therefore, lux-ab gene was cloned into two endemic plant pathogens pseudomonas syringae and ralostonia solanacearum by electrotransformation. l...

The inducible innate immune response to infection requires a concerted process of gene expression that is regulated at multiple levels. Most global analyses of the innate immune response have focused on transcription induced by defined immunostimulatory ligands, such as lipopolysaccharide. However, the response to pathogens involves additional complexity, as pathogens interfere with virtually e...

symptoms of the leaf scorch disease on the leaves of oleander infected by xylella fastidiosa appearing for the first time in lebanon were confirmed by elisa tests and anatomical observations of sections of petioles by a scanning electron microscope. xylella fastidiosa was detected in the xylem forming bacterial aggregates in the lumen of tracheary elements. the bacterium colonizes and invades t...

Reports of bacterial pathogen DNA sequences obtained from archaeological bone specimens raise the possibility of greatly improving our understanding of the history of infectious diseases. However, the survival of pathogen DNA over long time periods is poorly characterized, and scepticism remains about the reliability of these data. In order to explore the survival of bacterial pathogen DNA in b...

The series of events that occurs immediately after pathogen entrance into the body is largely speculative. Key aspects of these events are pathogen dissemination and pathogen interactions with the immune response as the invader moves into deeper tissues. We sought to define major events that occur early during infection of a highly virulent pathogen. To this end, we tracked early dissemination ...

Bacterial pathogens produce protein toxins to influence host-pathogen interactions and tip the outcome of these encounters toward the benefit of the pathogen. Protein toxins modify host-specific targets through posttranslational modifications (PTMs) or noncovalent interactions that may inhibit or activate host cell physiology to benefit the pathogen. Recent advances have identified new PTMs and...