Traditionally, the design of new vaccines directed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the most successful bacterial pathogen on the planet, has focused on prophylactic candidates that would be given to individuals while they are still young. It is becoming more apparent, however, that there are several types of vaccine candidates now under development that could be used under various condition...

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of acute respiratory infections worldwide and is responsible for approximately 1 million childhood deaths each year. Despite the widespread use of antibiotics, the mortality and morbidity of pneumococcal disease remains high. Therefore, effective vaccines to prevent pneumococcal disease are needed. Bacterial vaccine development in general follows a...

BACKGROUND The use of Salmonella to deliver heterologous antigens from DNA vaccines is a well-accepted extension of the success of oral Salmonella vaccines in animal models. Attenuated S. typhimurium and S. typhi strains are safe and efficacious, and their use to deliver DNA vaccines combines the advantages of both vaccine approaches, while complementing the limitations of each technology. An i...

The development of vaccines for microorganisms and bacterial toxins with the potential to be used as biowarfare and bioterrorism agents is an important component of the US biodefense program. DVC is developing two vaccines, one against inhalational exposure to botulinum neurotoxins A1 and B1 and a second for Yersinia pestis, with the ultimate goal of licensure by the FDA under the Animal Rule. ...

objectives: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is one of the most common agents of diarrhea among other bacterial agents. designing and producing vaccine against these bacteria is one of the major purposes of world health organization (who). due to presence of diverse clones of etec strains in the world, the use of global vaccines for etec infection is controversial. b subunit of heat labi...

364 www.thelancet.com/infection Vol 14 May 2014 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines have substantially reduced meningitis and septicaemia in children. Comprehensive disease surveillance with continued development and implementation of vaccines against additional pneumococcal serotypes and serogroup B meningococcal disease will be needed to further improve control of these serious bacterial infections.

The significant burden of disease due to pertussis, which predominantly affects newborns during their first few months of life, was substantially decreased following the introduction of inactivated whole-bacterial-cell vaccines in the middle of the 20th century. Although these vaccines were effective in reducing the incidence of pertussis in the countries that implemented their widespread use, ...

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................229 Clinical Leishmaniasis ...........................................................................................................................................229 Self-limiting cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis ...............

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................229 Clinical Leishmaniasis ...........................................................................................................................................229 Self-limiting cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis ...............

Transgenic plants that express foreign proteins with industrial or pharmaceutical value represent an economical alternative to fermentation-based production systems. Specific vaccines have been produced in plants as a result of the transient or stable expression of foreign genes. It has recently been shown that genes encoding antigens of bacterial and viral pathogens can be expressed in plants ...