BACKGROUND Informed consent in research is partly achieved through the use of information sheets. There is a perception however that these information sheets are long and complex. The recommended reading level for patient information is grade 6, or 11-12 years old. AIMS To investigate whether the readability of participant information sheets has changed over time, whether particular study cha...

This paper proposes a macroeconomic model with financial intermediaries (banks), in which banks face occasionally binding leverage constraints and may endogenously affect the strength of their balance sheets by issuing new equity. The model can account for occasional financial crises as a result of the nonlinearity induced by the constraint. Banks’ precautionary equity issuance makes financial ...

Global banks played a significant role in transmitting the 2007-09 financial crisis to emerging-market economies. We examine adverse liquidity shocks on main developedcountry banking systems and their relationships to emerging markets across Europe, Asia, and Latin America, isolating loan supply from loan demand effects. Loan supply in emerging markets across Europe, Asia, and Latin America was...

Recent research indicates that farm managers do not rely on adequate informative support in their decision making processes. This paper proposes a model of a Farm Management Information System which integrates the Activity-Based Costing approach. In describing the design and development of the “FarmBO” system, it provides a detailed functional requirement definition and the description of a wor...

According to the financial accelerator model, a small monetary or other shock is amplified through credit market restrictions on small firms, and swings in balance sheets over the business cycle cause swings in small firms’ spending. This paper incorporates these notions in an empirical model of firm behavior. We use unit transaction cost of debt and rationed credit as indicators of balance she...

ƒ The observed overall decline and increased heterogeneity in the risk indicators follow certain regulatory changes, such as the introduction of liquidity guidelines on funding in 1995 and the implementation of bankspecific leverage requirements in 2000. This suggests that regulatory changes have had significant and heterogeneous effects on the management of balance sheets by financial institut...

Abstract Research interest in the reaction of consumption to expected inflation has increased recent years due efforts by central banks kick-start demand steering expectations. We contribute this literature analysing whether various components households’ balance sheets determine how reacts inflation. Two channels particular are conceivable: an increase expectations can raise through direct inc...