Alveolar surfactant modulates the antimicrobial function of bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAM). Little is known about the effect of surfactant-associated proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the interaction of BAM and Blastomyces dermatitidis. We investigated BALF enhancement or inhibition of TNF-alpha production by BAM stimulated by B. dermatitidis. BAM from CD-1 mice were stimula...

Stem cell self-renewal is controlled by concerted actions of extrinsic niche signals and intrinsic factors in a variety of systems. Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) have been one of the most productive systems for identifying the factors controlling self-renewal. The differentiation factor BAM is necessary and sufficient for GSC differentiation, but it still remains expressed in GS...

The Drosophila germline lineage depends on a complex microenvironment of extrinsic and intrinsic factors that regulate the self-renewing and asymmetric divisions of dedicated stem cells. Germline stem cells (GSCs) must express components of the Dpp cassette and the translational repressors Nanos and Pumilio, whereas cystoblasts require the bam and bgcn genes. Bam is especially attractive as a t...

The Drosophila ovary is an attractive system to study how niches control stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche for germline stem cells (GSCs) provides a Dpp/Bmp signal, which is essential for GSC maintenance. bam is both necessary and sufficient for the differentiation of immediate GSC daughters, cystoblasts. Here we show that Bmp signals directly repress bam transcription in GS...

The La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 /BaFe11.3~ZnSn!0.7O19 ~LSMO/BaM! composites have been prepared by cosintering the LSMO and the BaM powders. The microstructural, magnetic, and magnetoresistive ~MR! properties of those systems were systematically studied. Due to the magnetic coupling between the LSMO ~a soft magnet metal! and BaM ~a hard magnet insulator! grains, the low-field MR sensitivity was reduced and...

The β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) is a ∼203 kDa complex of five proteins (BamA-E), which is essential for viability in E. coli. BAM promotes the folding and insertion of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane via a poorly understood mechanism. Several current models suggest that BAM functions through a 'lateral gating' motion of the β-barrel of BamA. Here we present a cryo-EM structure o...

Standard Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) stores sum-of-the-correlation-matrices of the pairs of patterns. When a pattern of an encoded pair is presented, the other is expected to be recalled. It has been shown that standard BAM cannot correctly recall a pattern pair, if it is not at a local minima of the energy function. To overcome this problem, novel methods for encoding have been prop...

The BAM HI family of long interspersed DNAs in mice represent as much as 0.5% of the mouse genome. Cloned mouse DNA fragments which contain BAM HI/non-BAM HI junction sequences have been analyzed by restriction mapping and DNA sequencing. It has been found that BAM HI elements: (i) are approximately 7 kilobase pairs in size, (ii) are not bracketed by long repeated sequences analogous to the ter...

extended abstract 1. introduction today, improving and increasing the inhabitant environment quality is the main purpose of the civil planner policies. in this study, the improper location of the physical elements and the urban land uses, the inefficient street network, the compact urban fabric, the high urban density, the improper condition of infrastructures, and the lack of civil open spaces...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological characteristics of a new emerging focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in southern villages of Bam District, southeastern Iran, 2010. METHODS A house-to- house census survey of 5544 individuals were interviewed and physically examined for the presence of active lesions or scars. Diagnosis was confirmed by direct smears,...