4,5-Dihydro-7H-pyrano[3,4-c]isoxazoles (II and III) with an o-chlorophenyl or p-chlorophenyl group at C-7 were synthesized and the effect of substitution at C-3 of II and III on fungicidal activity was investigated in vivo. When the substituent at C-3 of II and III was CH2Br, CH=NOMe, CH=NOEt or CH=NO-allyl, the fungicidal effect was significant and selectively high on wheat leaf rust and barle...

Rust fungi are some of the most devastating pathogens of crop plants. They are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissues and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Their lifestyle has slowed the dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying host invasion and avoidance or suppression of plant innate immunity. We sequenced the 101-Mb genome of Melampsora larici-popul...

Obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens, such as Blumeria graminis and Puccinia graminis, are amongst the most devastating plant causing dramatic yield losses in many economically important crops worldwide. However, a lack of reliable tools for efficient genetic transformation has hampered studies into molecular basis their virulence or pathogenicity. In this study, we present Ustilago hordei–barl...

ABSTRACT Puccinia spp. are widespread pathogens of cereals and grasses that annually cause significant yield losses worldwide, especially in barley, oat, and wheat. Urediniospore morphology and early symptom development have limited usefulness for distinguishing Puccinia spp. Therefore, we developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid detection of the four rust pathogen species...

Powdery mildew, net blotch, scald, spot barley stripe, and leaf rust are important foliar fungal pathogens of barley. Fungal negatively affect the yield quality in plant. Virulence changes, which can occur various ways, may render resistant plants to susceptible ones. Factors such as mutation, population size random genetic drift, gene genotype flow, reproduction mating systems, selection impos...

M any destructive crop diseases are caused by filamentous microbes from the kingdoms Fungi (e.g., ascomycetes and basidomycetes) and Stramenopila (oomycetes). Many of these pathogens exploit plants by extracting nutrients from living plant cells (biotrophy) (1). In some cases, biotrophic pathogens have evolved to a state of absolute dependency on their hosts. These obligate biotrophs have lost ...