Cell systems divide their service territories into many little “six equal part crystal” cell-shaped parts. This offers a great opportunity to increase a number of consumers because of used frequency repeatedly. Cell system divides its whole serving region into six equal cell parts and establishes one base station in each cell. The antenna of the base station is located on top of high buildings ...

Realistic spatial channel models are essential for development of future wideband mobile communication systems, particularly when adaptive antennas at the base stations are considered. Channel models are prerequisite for the performance evaluation of different adaptive antenna solutions and estimation of the obtained capacity gain. Realistic models require channel measurements to prove their as...

We investigate the different dominant propagation mechanisms in an urban macroand microcellular base station (BS) installation with a special focus on the application of smart antennas by means of adaptive antenna array measurements. We demonstrate that the congruence of the geometrical mobile station (MS) position and the dominant direction of arrival is only fulfilled for macrocellular BS ins...

We present measurement results with a GSM1800 smart antenna base station. The base station is equipped with an adaptive antenna array processor that allows in every GSM frame full beam adaptation in uplink and downlink. The smart antenna processing is based on the estimation of the directions of arrival in uplink. It includes separate DOA trackers for uplink and downlink, angular diversity, and...

Due to the W-CDMA radio interface, the area covered by a set of UMTS base stations depends on the signal quality requirements, the power control mechanism as well as on the traffic distribution. In previous work we have proposed discrete optimization models and algorithms for locating base stations in UMTS networks. In this paper we address the general problem of optimizing base station locatio...

The mobile communications market has seen an explosion of growth over the past several years. Moreover, trends indicate that this growth will continue uninterrupted into the next decade. To meet this increasing demand, the use of base station antenna arrays implementing digital beamforming is being proposed as a method to enhance both the performance and capacity of cellular systems. In this wo...