Elbow injuries are common in sports that involve throwing, overhead activity, and upper extremity weight-bearing, including baseball, volleyball, football, javelin throwing, and gymnastics. Although acute injuries of the elbow are somewhat common in pediatric patients, overuse injuries in youth athletes are very prevalent. Elbow pain in baseball players aged 9 to 12 years has been found to rang...

The ulnar collateral ligament stabilizes the elbow joint from valgus stress associated with the throwing motion. During baseball pitching, this ligament is subjected to tremendous stress and injury if the force on the ulnar collateral ligament during pitching exceeds the physiological limits of the ligament. Injuries to the throwing elbow in baseball pitchers result in significant time loss and...

We performed a kinematic and inverse dynamic study with javelin throwers in order to assess the role of the internal rotation of the upper arm in javelin throwing and then compare the findings to baseball throwing. On the one hand, the results show an equal behaviour of the angular velocity, torque and power curves compared to baseball pitching. The evaluated peak values differ on the other han...

BACKGROUND The incidence of ulnar collateral ligament injury has increased in baseball, especially at the high school level. HYPOTHESIS Ulnar collateral ligament injury in high school baseball players is associated with overuse, high-velocity throwing, early throwing of breaking pitches, and improper warm-ups. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Follow-up physical examination...

This paper describes modal testing of a wooden baseball bat with the purpose of finding the peak frequencies and vibration modes and their relation to the so-called “sweet spot”. Initial vibration testing was done by performing a tap test along a Louisville Slugger wooden baseball bat. The bat was suspended by elastic rubber bands to approximate free-free boundary conditions. The peak frequenci...

In baseball, the concepts of “cutoff”, “relay”, “cover” and “backup” are very important to the defensive aspect of the game. In this paper, we design and implement an animation assisted sport simulation system for general baseball “cover, relay and cutoff play” training. We treat the baseball and each player in the ball field as independent “objects” in that each object has its own objective. E...

OBJECTIVE In this five-year cohort study, we hypothesize that factors of temperament and character in professional baseball players predict the speed of obtaining success and the quality of success as well as anxiety control. METHODS Participants included 120 male rookie players from the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) and 107 male non-players with no history of playing baseball. The person...

BACKGROUND With the incidence of Little League elbow increasing, pitch limit recommendations for preventing throwing injuries have been developed in both the United States and Japan. However, levels of knowledge of and compliance with these recommendations among coaches of young baseball teams in Japan remain unknown. The relationship between these levels and elbow pain among players has not be...