Non-animal science in toxicology and health research has been progressing for decades, but only now is it being seen widely as advanced science. The emergence of novel human biology-based tools and models, combined with legislative and regulatory change, a 21st century concept for toxicology, continuing failures in the drug pipeline, and systematic critiques of animal models, have created a piv...

Young children do not form representations of newly encountered faces as efficiently as do adults. A first step in explaining this difference, like any age-related change, is locating its source. A major source of the improvement is acquisition of knowledge of faces per se, as opposed to age-related changes in general pattern encoding or memorial skills. Two consequences of expertise at individ...

ing is closely related to metacognitive skills like planning (what am I going todo), monitoring (is the process going according to plan?) and evaluating (what have Ilearned that I can use a next time?), thus high road transfer can be fostered bystimulating a persons’ metacognitive skills. Instructional design based on this transfertheory should pay particular attention to strate...

Journal referees or peer reviewers are responsible academics or practitioners who aim to contribute to the development of research in their area of expertise. They are willing to evaluate the quality of work undertaken by other researchers highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the work, and ensuring the accuracy and rigor of the research before widely disseminating it through a journal [...

The purpose of this short article is to help authors get their research published. First, I would like to call attention to two excellent articles in the September 2011 issue of the Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal (FCSRJ). First, Robert Nielsen (2011) describes cues for quality in quantitative research. Second, Nancy Hodges (2011) explains five frequently articulated qualms (FAQs) a...

Three untested hypotheses are central to the theory of Brazelton and colleagues about the sequential structure of mother-infant face-to-face interaction: (1) Interactions begin with the mother's positively eliciting her infant's attention; (2) maternal positive expression precedes the onset of infant's positive expression; and (3) when the infant becomes positive, the mother will remain positiv...

Expertise in recognizing facial identity, and, in particular, sensitivity to subtle differences in the spacing among facial features, improves into adolescence. To assess the influence of experience, we tested adults and 8-year-olds with faces differing only in the spacing of facial features. Stimuli were human adult, human 8-year-old, and monkey faces. We show that adults' expertise is shaped ...