Odorants comprising the hop aromas of beers were examined. Strongly hopped beers with Saazer, Hersbrucker, and Cascade hops were compared with unhopped beer by gas chromatography-olfactometry (CharmAnalysis) and sensory evaluation. Twenty-seven odorants were revealed as hop-derived, which derived either directly from hops or via metabolization, and 19 components were identified. Of the componen...

BACKGROUND Predisposition to adverse drug events with advancing age has led to the development of lists of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) to be avoided in the elderly, such as the Beers Criteria. The prevalence of Beers medications has been studied widely, but it is still unclear whether PIM use is predictive of adverse events in older people. OBJECTIVES To examine potential ass...

Potentially inappropriate prescribing (IP) is an issue of major importance in the pharmacotherapy of older people globally. To date, Beers’ criteria have been in common research usage for defining potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in older people. However, Beers’ criteria have a number of serious flaws and are of doubtful relevance to routine geriatric pharmacotherapy. For these reas...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the national prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) prescribed in ambulatory care clinics in Taiwan according to three different sets of regional criteria and the correlates of PIM use. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING This analysis included older patients who visited ambulatory care clinics in 2009 and represented half of the older populati...

In 2015, Italian Grape Ale (IGA) beers have been included as a new provisional sub-category of special-type fruit by the Beer Judge Certification Program, including those products whose brewing process is carried out in presence determined quantities grape must. However, information on effects these additions composition final are still scarce. This work hence focused chromatic, volatile, pheno...

This study evaluated the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) (Malvaceae) calyces on fermentation kenetics, phytochemical constituents, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sensory profile beer. Single infusion method mashing was utilized, resulting beers were compared to industrial beers. HS supplementation did not alter kenetics as a general decrease in extracts (oBrix) observed treated contro...