In a distributed system, it is often important to detect the causal relationships between events, where event e 1 is causally before event e 2 if e 1 happened before e 2 and could possibly have aaected the occurrence of e 2. In this paper we argue that detecting causal relationships among events can be important for security, in the sense that it may be essential to the correct implementation o...

European badgers’ behaviors have been studied over a 6-year period (2013–2018) using camera traps settled in main sett (400 m2; 17 holes) an oak forest, northeastern France. I analyzed group’s size, grooming, digging, bedding collecting, mating, and the emergence return times. The burrow was inhabited by 2.8 (± 1.2) badgers. observed between 2 4 new cubs each year 5 out of 6 years, with first m...

Eclipse is an integrated development environment that can be extended with plug-ins. Thanks to Eclipse’s success, a diverse community has been established with members coming from industry, opensource projects, and others, and a marketplace with more than 1.700 different plug-ins developed. Hence, the question arises how this marketplace is composed: Who contributes plug-ins? Which plug-ins are...

It is easy to live for the day. All lazybones do that and legitimately those who have finally taken a rest and enjoy in a relaxed way what is offered to them. The more eventful the better since then it is easy to forget what happened before and since unconnected impressions can be grasped in a particularly fresh way, in a virtually raw way. And in the same way as one might live for the moment, ...

As the name indicates, a renewal process is one that “renews” itself regularly. That is, there is a sequence of times {Tn, n ∈ Z} such that the process after time Tn is independent of what happened before that time and has a distribution that does not depend on n. We have seen examples of such processes before. As a simple example, one could consider a Poisson process with jump times Tn. As ano...

In social insects, the nests of the same species can show a large difference in size and shape. Despite these large variations, the nests share the same substructures, some appearing during nest growth. In ants, the interplay between nest size and digging activity leads to two successive morphological transitions from circular to branched shapes (budding along the perimeter of the circular cavi...