Studies of the effects of logging on Lepidoptera rarely address landscape-level effects or effects on larval, leaf-feeding stages. We examined the impacts of uneven-aged and even-aged logging on the abundance, richness, and community structure of leaf-chewing insects of white (Quercus alba L.) and black (Q. velutina L.) oak trees remaining in unharvested areas by sampling 3 years before and 7 y...

It is easy to live for the day. All lazybones do that and legitimately those who have finally taken a rest and enjoy in a relaxed way what is offered to them. The more eventful the better since then it is easy to forget what happened before and since unconnected impressions can be grasped in a particularly fresh way, in a virtually raw way. And in the same way as one might live for the moment, ...

As the name indicates, a renewal process is one that “renews” itself regularly. That is, there is a sequence of times {Tn, n ∈ Z} such that the process after time Tn is independent of what happened before that time and has a distribution that does not depend on n. We have seen examples of such processes before. As a simple example, one could consider a Poisson process with jump times Tn. As ano...

This study evaluated the effect of foliar biostimulants on fruit quality of adult 'Valencia' orange and 'Biancolilla' olive trees. Half of the selected orange and olive trees were sprayed twice before harvest with the SUNRED® commercial mix containing phenylalanine, methionine, mono-saccharides and oxylipins from plant extracts as well as potassium salts and urea. Orange and olive yields and fr...

The coordination of the timing of flowering with seasonal and development cues is a critical life-history trait that has been shaped by evolution to maximize reproductive success. Decades of studying many plant species have revealed several of the fascinating systems that plants have evolved to control flowering time: such as the perception of day length in leaves, which leads to the production...

1 BACKGROUND Although flap anatomy is well studied on cadavers and microsurgical techniques are well practiced on rats, still there are few training models for learning the techniques of perforator flap harvesting. The cadaver has no bloodstream, so accuracy of dissection cannot be evaluated and flap viability cannot be verified. Training on humans carries a high risk of flap damage. A living m...

Corn is physiologically mature when kernels reach maximum dry weight and are safe from frost. All milky fluid disappears from the kernel, and the black layer, a dark layer of cells, forms near the tip of mature kernels. Most hybrids adapted to Wisconsin reach this stage when kernel moisture decreases to 30–32%, but it may not occur until moisture content decreases to 28% for some early hybrids....

We investigated effects of roost loss due to clear-fell harvest on bat home range. The study took place in plantation forest, inhabited by the New Zealand long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus), in which trees are harvested between the ages 26-32 years. We determined home ranges by radiotracking different bats in areas that had and had not been recently clear-fell harvested. Home ranges we...

I propose a new measure of common, time-varying tail risk for large cross sections of stock returns. Stock return tails are described by a power law in which the power law exponent is allowed to transition smoothly through time as a function of recent data. It is motivated by asset pricing theory and is estimable via quasi-maximum likelihood. Estimates indicate substantial time variation in sto...

In a distributed system, it is often important to detect the causal relationships between events, where event e1 is causally before event e2 if e1 happened before e2 and could possibly have aaected the occurrence of e2. In this paper we argue that it can be essential to security that a process determine, in the face of malicious attack, how two events are causally related. We formulate attacks ...