In semiarid climates, a significant component of recharge to basin aquifers occurs along the mountain front. Traditionally called “mountain-front recharge” (MFR), this process has been treated by modelers of basins as a boundary condition. In general, mountain-front recharge estimates are based on the general precipitation characteristics of the mountain (as estimated, e.g., by the chloride mas...

It has long been argued that mountains have an effect on wars. While some research understands this chiefly in physical terms, other research looks at the effect that mountains have on human nature. This article will look at the two thousand year history of the term ‘mountain people.’ It will explore how the belief has emerged that living in mountainous regions changes people to the degree that...

In the recent past, tracking applications increasingly develop towards distributed sensor scenarios. In many cases, such schemes must cope with low observable targets in cluttered environments. Furthermore, such a setup suffers from communication delays and timely delayed sensor data. However, Track-before-Detect methodologies are not suitable for processing time delayed data yet. In this paper...

Advancements in information and communication technologies have enhanced our possibilities to communicate worldwide, eliminating borders and making it possible to interact with people coming from other cultures like never happened before. Such powerful tools have brought us to reconsider our concept of privacy and social involvement in order to make them fit into this wider environment. It is p...

Blancher, Marc, François Albasini, Fidel Elsensohn, Ken Zafren, Natalie Hölzl, Kyle McLaughlin, Albert R. Wheeler III, Steven Roy, Hermann Brugger, Mike Greene, and Peter Paal. Management of multi-casualty incidents in mountain rescue. High Alt Med Biol. 00:000-000, 2018. INTRODUCTION Multi-Casualty Incidents (MCI) occur in mountain areas. Little is known about the incidence and character of ...

In a small town in the middle of Montana, biologists handle deadly pathogens such as Ebola. Hamilton, with a population of about 4,500, hosts the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’ Rocky Mountain Laboratories, one of a few dozen facilities worldwide equipped to deal with disease agents designated the strictest biosafety level 4 (BSL-4). For virologists such as postdoc Darryl...

In forest ecosystems, fungal mats are functionally important in nutrient and water uptake in litter and wood decomposition processes, in carbon resource allocation, soil weathering and in cycling of soil resources. Fungal mats can occur abundantly in forests and are widely distributed globally. We sampled ponderosa pine/white fir and mountain hemlock/noble fir communities at Crater Lake Nationa...

AIM The relationship between extreme exercise and coronary artery disease is not well understood, and the information available is contradictory. The aim of the present study was to determine whether strenuous endurance exercise, performed under conditions in which the partial pressure of environmental oxygen varies constantly, can induce myocardial cell injury. METHODS Plasma urea, creatinin...

Gene duplication leads to paralogy, which complicates the de novo assembly of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. The issue of paralogous genes is exacerbated in plants, because they are particularly prone to gene duplication events. Paralogs are normally filtered from GBS data before undertaking population genomics or phylogenetic analyses. However, gene duplication plays an important role in...