Network analysis is used to address diverse ecological, social, economic, and epidemiological questions, but few efforts have been made to combine these field-specific analyses into interdisciplinary approaches that effectively address how complex systems are interdependent and connected to one another. Identifying and understanding these cross-boundary connections improves natural resource man...

In this paper, we describe the seasonal dynamics of three common microcystins (MCs; MC-RR, MC-YR, and MC-LR) in the whole body, hepatopancreas, intestine, gonad, foot, remaining tissue, and offspring of a freshwater snail, Bellamya aeruginosa, from Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu, China, where dense toxic Microcystis blooms occur in the warm seasons. Microcystins were determined by liquid chromatograp...

This paper describes seasonal changes of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and its glutathione (MC-LR-GSH) and cysteine conjugates (MC-LR-Cys) in three aquatic animals--snail (Bellamya aeruginosa), shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponensis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) collected from Lake Taihu, China. MC-LR, MC-LR-GSH, and MC-LR-Cys were determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionizatio...

Predator-induced defenses are well-known adaptive responses found in many marine and freshwater organisms. These responses usually occur in juveniles or actively growing adults and reduce the ability of a predator to consume its prey. We report a predator-induced response occurring in utero in the viviparid snail Bellamya chinensis (Gray, 1863) that results in significant changes in offspring n...

Significant evolutionary stages of Selinitsa Cave (SW Peloponnese, Greece) were revealed by 3D mapping, as well geomorphological study the cave and nearby landscape. Four marine terraces identified in area coastal at 6, 10.7, 16.6, 30–32 m above sea level (asl), with terrace 16.6 representing Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. The widest karstified space clusters between 15.73 18.05 peak lying 16.4 ...

Food deprivation is a common stress in crustaceans that can affect their behavior and physiology. In this study, video recording analysis system was used to compare the predation rate of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, foraging on freshwater snail, Bellamya quadrata, under different degrees food deprivation. The activities lactate dehydrogenase, α-amylase, pepsin, lipase hepatopancreas...