As the springback of sheet metal during unloadingmay cause deviation from a desired shape, accurately predicting springback is essential for the design of sheet stamping operations. Finite-element models have not been successful in predicting springback; hence there is a need for analytical models to make such predictions. In this study, a model based on differential strains after relief from t...

The important electron-microscope studies by Satir (1965,1968) have demonstrated that the bending of a cilium is accompanied by longitudinal sliding of its peripheral microtubular filaments relative to one another. These observations imply that the bending of the cilium is not generated by active contraction or extension of the filaments, since they appear to retain constant lengths throughout ...

A coarse-grained computational model is used to investigate how the bending rigidity of a polymer under tension affects the formation of a trefoil knot. Thermodynamic integration techniques are applied to demonstrate that the free-energy cost of forming a knot has a minimum at nonzero bending rigidity. The position of the minimum exhibits a power-law dependence on the applied tension. For knott...

BACKGROUND The Dynesys system provides stability for destabilized spines while preserving segmental motion. However, clinical studies have demonstrated that the Dynesys system does not prevent adjacent segment disease. Moreover, biomechanical studies have revealed that the stiffness of the Dynesys system is comparable to rigid fixation. Our previous studies showed that adjusting the cord preten...

DNA bending is an important structural feature for indirect readout in protein-DNA recognition. The binding of papillomavirus E2 transcription factors to their DNA binding sites is associated with DNA bending, providing an attractive model system to study the origins of sequence-specific DNA bending. The consensus E2 target is of the general form ACCGN(4)CGGT with a variable four base pair regi...

Dynamic viscoelastic properties of bamboo were determined in torsion and bending. Damping, measured by tan δ, in dry bamboo was relatively small, about 0.01 in bending and 0.02 to 0.03 in torsion, with little dependence on frequency in the audio range. In wet bamboo, damping was somewhat greater: 0.012 to 0.015 in bending and 0.03 to 0.04 in torsion. The anisotropy in damping implies a purely c...

In scanning tunneling experiments on semiconductor surfaces, the energy scale within the tunneling junction is usually unknown due to tip-induced band bending. Here, we experimentally recover the zero point of the energy scale by combining scanning tunneling microscopy with Kelvin probe force spectroscopy. With this technique, we revisit shallow acceptors buried in GaAs. Enhanced acceptor-relat...

In this report four previously unpublished notes, concerned with aeroelastic effects on a particular slender delta aircraft configuration, are collected together. Some general flutter calculations show that decreasing stiffness leads to instability in the aircraft short period mode whilst the higher frequency modes remain stable. The reasons for the instability and the implications regarding ai...

DNA-bending flexibility is central for its many biological functions. A new bending restraining method for use in molecular mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations was developed. It is based on an average screw rotation axis definition for DNA segments and allows inducing continuous and smooth bending deformations of a DNA oligonucleotide. In addition to controlling the magnit...

We present a new model for fanning and bending white matter structures on a sub-voxel scale. We devise a parametric model of how the fibre orientation varies spatially over each sub-voxel in the voxel grid for both types of configuration. Fitting the model provides quantitative information about the degree of fanning or bending in each voxel. We demonstrate using data from a standard human brai...