Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against main theoretical and practical criticisms that it has raised by proposing a novel conception specific formulation of principle. We first address concerns idea there being principle precaution arguing for distinctively political PP as opposed moral one. claim rationale grounded in fact contemporary societies wish avoid morally unaccep...

An experimental test of the descriptive adequacy of the restated diversification principle is presented. The principle postulates that risk-averse utility maximizers will pool risks for their mutual benefit, even if information is missing about the probabilities of losses. It is enough for people to assume that they face equal risks when they pool risks. The results of the experiment support th...

although in principle the benefit and loss resulted from partnership is to be taken into consideration in private relationships proportionate to the parties’ shares, prediction of stipulating more benefit or exempting all or part of the loss in the company’s contracts, with respect to the existing necessities and the need for maximum participation, is a common practice. whereas, the article 575...

le chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . however, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. in this article, we derived a simple equation for the violati...