The proposed zero-current switching switched-capacitor (ZCS SC) DC-DC converter is an innovative bi-directional power flow control conversion scheme. A zero-current switching switched-capacitor stepup/step-down bi-directional converter is presented that can improve the current stress problem during bi-directional power flow control processing. It can provide a high voltage conversion ratio of n...

Homeostatic signaling stabilizes synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of Drosophila, mice, and human. It is believed that homeostatic signaling at the NMJ is bi-directional and considerable progress has been made identifying mechanisms underlying the homeostatic potentiation of neurotransmitter release. However, very little is understood mechanistically about the opposing p...

The simultaneous clustering of documents and words, known as co-clustering, has proved to be more effective than one-sided in dealing with sparse high-dimensional datasets. By their nature, text data are also generally unbalanced directional. Recently, the von Mises–Fisher (vMF) mixture model was proposed handle while harnessing directional nature text. In this paper, we propose a general co-cl...

A new breed of in-plane bi-directional MEMS actuators based on controlled electrothermal buckling and electromagnetic Lorentz force has been demonstrated under both dc and ac operations. Experimentally, bi-directional actuators made by the standard surface-micromachining process have a lateral actuation range of several microns and can exert forces over 100 μN, while those made by SOI and Metal...

We present a heuristic search algorithm for the R Manhattan shortest path problem that achieves front-to-front bidirectionality in subquadratic time. In the study of bidirectional search algorithms, front-to-front heuristic computations were thought to be prohibitively expensive (at least quadratic time complexity); our algorithm runs in O(n log n) time and O(n logd−1 n) space, where n is the n...

Two experiments tested a bottlenosed dolphin’s ability to match objects across echolocation and vision. Matching was tested from echolocation sample to visual alternatives (E–V) and from visual sample to echolocation alternatives (V–E). In Experiment 1, the dolphin chose a match from among three-alternative objects that differed in overall (global) shape, but shared several ‘local’ features wit...

A novel de-interlacing algorithm is proposed to accomplish high quality video format conversion. In the proposed scheme, bi-directional motion estimation (ME) is performed between the same parity fields, i.e., the previous and next fields. The bi-directional motion estimation is composed of initial motion vector estimation, motion vector smoothing using motion vector field segmentation, and mot...

This paper presents a unified model for bi-directional DC-DC converters for both directions of power flow. The bi-directional DC-DC converter is analyzed using a seamless dynamic model with an independent voltage source and an independent current source, which polarity depends on the direction of the power flow. A small signal model is derived using a state space averaging method. Furthermore, ...