The contribution of pH to exercise-induced arterial O2 desaturation was evaluated by intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate (Bic, 1 M; 200-350 ml) or an equal volume of saline (Sal; 1 M) at a constant infusion rate during a "2,000-m" maximal ergometer row in five male oarsmen. Blood-gas variables were corrected to the increase in blood temperature from 36.5 +/- 0.3 to 38.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C...

A priori selection of models for use in phylogeny estimation from molecular sequence data is increasingly important as the number and complexity of available models increases. The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the derivative decision-theoretic (DT) approaches rely on a conservative approximation to estimate the posterior probability of a given model. Here, we extended the DT method b...

OBJECTIVE Despite high rates of tobacco use, overwhelming evidence of detrimental effects on oral health, smokers" desire to stop using tobacco and the availability of efficacious brief intervention counselling (BIC) strategies, the delivery of cessation services by dental practitioners is, at best, inconsistent. The purpose of this part of our study was to assess BIC practice patterns among de...

Hidden Markov random fields appear naturally in problems such as image segmentation, where an unknown class assignment has to be estimated from the observations at each pixel. Choosing the probabilistic model that best accounts for the observations is an important first step for the quality of the subsequent estimation and analysis. A commonly used selection criterion is the Bayesian Informatio...

Histological imaging is still considered the gold standard for analysing bone formation around metallic implants. Generally, a limited number of histological sections per sample are used for the approximation of mean values of peri-implant bone formation. In this study we compared statistically the results of bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone-implant volume (BIV) obtained by histological sect...

Noncovalently introducing stereogenic information is a promising approach to embed chirality in achiral molecular systems. However, the interplay of the noncovalently introduced chirality with the intrinsic chirality of molecules or molecular aggregations has rarely been addressed. We report a competitive chiral expression of the noncovalent interaction-mediated chirality induction and the intr...

The nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO) and nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (RPC) are implicated in the generation of rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Work in cats has indicated that GABA in RPO plays a role in the regulation of REM. We assessed REM after local microinjections into RPO and RPC of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) agonist, muscimol (MUS), and the GABA(A) antagonist,...

Changes in the expression of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) are involved in the genesis and development of a number of malignancies. However, the association between changes in the expression of RGS2 and breast invasive carcinoma of no special type (BIC-NST) remains unknown. The present study found that, in comparison to normal breast tissue, BIC-NST exhibited low expression of RGS2 ...

Adult male rats (n = 17/group, 300-320 g, physically untrained) were exercised (9.14 m/min) in the heat (35 degrees C) to hyperthermic exhaustion (rectal temperature 43 degrees C) after infusion of 2 ml of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate (BIC) or 2 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride (SAL). Rats receiving BIC or SAL had no effects on endurance when compared with rats receiving no exogenous fluid [control (CON])...

Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and clinically concerning body-image concern (BIC) appear to possess abnormalities in the way they perceive visual information in the form of a bias towards local visual processing. As inversion interrupts normal global processing, forcing individuals to process locally, an upright-inverted stimulus discrimination task was used to investigate this...