Delta-toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and C is a β-pore-forming cytotoxin. Here, using site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the amino acid residues that contribute to delta-toxin oligomerization binding. We replaced Lys-43 Ser-109 located in β-sandwich domain Arg-200 rim domain. Substitution of alanine for caused reductions both cytotoxicity oligomerization. However, excha...

Several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed in the last three years using various tecnhiques. Multiple virus-neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 also obtained to combat pandemic. However, use of these medications for prevention and potential treatment faces significant challenges due emergence new mutant virus variants, both more contagious escaping neutralization by immune system, tha...