Algae biomass has been recognized as a potential and promising feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the expenses associated with overall downstream processing steps question sustainability of algae biodiesel. With an aim to improve this, sustainable approach explored using lipid extracted (LEB) Spirulinaplatensis biogas generation. The alternate use LEB generation showed maximum 400 cm3...

The high consumption of fossil fuels has significant environmental implications. An alternative to reduce the use and develop ecological economic processes is bio-refinery approach. In present study, authors production biodiesel from castor plants through a biorefinery process includes sub-processes associated with integral plants, such as production, oil extraction, fertilizer, solid biomass p...

Production planning is a very important step in managing the operation of a single refinery and their complexes. Despite its significance, few contributions have been found in literature and the existing ones rely on linear models. Pinto et al. (Comp. Chem. Engng. 24, 2259-2276, 2000), presented a superstructure that represents a general topology and allows the implementation of nonlinear proce...

BACKGROUND Occupational and environmental exposure to petroleum refinery products poses a great threat to human health. This study aimed to assess the lung function and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among petroleum refinery workers. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 112 participants (56 petroleum refinery workers with mean age 35.20 ± 1.62 years, and 56 age, weight, height, ethn...

Through a variety of material screening experiments, Al was selected as the added metal and constituted a multiple micro-electrolysis system of Fe/C/Al. The metal proportion of alloy-structured filler was also analyzed with the best Fe/C/Al ratio of 3:1:1. The regular Fe/C/Al multiple micro-electrolysis fillers were prepared using a high-temperature anaerobic roasting method. The optimum condit...

The health risk resulting from benzene exposure in petroleum refineries was calculated using data from the scientific literature from various countries throughout the world. The exposure data was collated into four scenarios from petroleum refinery environments and plotted as cumulative probability distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient ...