Biodiesel is a fatty acid alkyl ester which is renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic fuel which can be derived from any vegetable oil and animal fats. Vegetable oils and animal fats in their raw form have high viscosity that makes them unsuitable as fuels for diesel engines. Transesterification is one of the well-known process by which fats and oils are converted into biodiesel. The reaction o...

Besides closed loop recycling approaches–monomer to product monomer–open is a promising strategy for circular plastics economy, preventing waste and the use of fossil resources. Polylactide (PLA), bio-based biodegradable polymer, polymerized by catalyst [FeCl2(TMG5NMe2asme)]. The same used depolymerization end-of-life PLA with different nucleophiles obtain value-added products like lactates or ...

This review summarizes recent applications of copper or copper-based compounds as a nonprecious metal catalyst in N-nucleophiles-based dehalogenation (DH) reactions halogenated aromatic (Ar-Xs). Cu-catalyzed DH enables the production corresponding nonhalogenated products (Ar-Nu), which are much more biodegradable and can be mineralized during aerobic wastewater treatment principally further app...

A new and efficient synthesis of benzoxanthene drivatives from the three-component condensation reaction ofaryl aldehydes and β-naphthol under solvent-free conditions in the presence of β-cyclodextrin sulfonic acid, as an efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst with excellent yields and short reaction time is presented

Petrochemical manufacturing wastewaters often contain a high concentration of biodegradable com-pounds that possess either toxicity or activity inhibition to the biological unit. In this paper, COD removal from Petrochemical wastewaters by electro-Fenton process was studied. The effect of operating conditions such as reaction time, current density, pH, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, and H2O2 of petroch...

With the rising consumption of energy comes challenge depletion fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and finite sources with increasing demand as a result rise in human population industrialization. This concern has led researchers to seek alternative that both economically, technically viable, environmentally beneficial. Biodiesel is considered an source supply. It non-toxic, biodegrad...

Aqueous biphasic catalysis is a convenient approach to convert organic, partially soluble molecules in water. However, converting more hydrophobic substrates is much more challenging as their solubility in water is extremely low. During the past ten years, substantial progress has been made towards improving the contact between hydrophobic substrates and a hydrophilic transition-metal catalyst....

This paper argues that Information Technology (IT) needs to be demystified, through critical consciousness, for educators to focus on IT as a means to enhance learning. It goes on to define the technical, sociohistorical and political-ideological levels of IT and to identify four theoretical constructs: tutorial, machine-as-human, tool kit and catalyst. Pervading these constructs is the underst...