Scarcity of water for irrigation is an alarming issue of Pakistan and the problem is being magnified rapidly with the passage of time. Shortage of water is thus, a limiting factor in increasing per unit area wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield that is staple food of most of the people. Eventually, the gap between production and consumption is widening day by day and Pakistan is now suffering fro...

The rapid development of sequencing technologies makes thousands to millions of genetic attributes available for testing associations with various biological traits. Searching this enormous high-dimensional data space imposes a great computational challenge in genome-wide association studies. We introduce a network-based approach to supervise the search for three-locus models of disease suscept...

Finding disease markers (classifiers) from gene expression data by machine learning algorithms is characterized by a high risk of overfitting the data due the abundance of attributes (simultaneously measured gene expression values) and shortage of available examples (observations). To avoid this pitfall and achieve predictor robustness, state-of-the-art approaches construct complex classifiers ...

In the 1960s, U.S. physical anthropology underwent a period of introspection that marked a change from the old physical anthropology that was largely race based to the new physical anthropology, espoused by Washburn and others for over a decade, which incorporated the evolutionary biology of the modern synthesis. What actually changed? What elements of the race concept have been rejected, and w...

General global sequence descriptors have been developed which proved to be widely applicable to the prediction of properties of biological genes and gene products. These descriptors include composition, transition, and distribution of defined attributes in the amino acid or nucleotide sequence. We have tested this approach on three completely distinct biological problems: 1) prediction of prote...

We cannot afford to ignore, as physicians or citizens, the biological attributes of sex in the study of behaviour, achievement or disease. The biological sciences, borrowing many facts from medical and pathological experience, have established a few fundamental principles of great value in the study of primary and secondary sex differentiation, and in the light of these principles our knowledge...

In the real world, most objects and data have multiple types of attributes and inter-connections. Such data structures are named “Heterogeneous Information Networks” (HIN) and have been widely researched. Biological systems are also considered to be highly complicated HIN. In this work, we review various applications of HIN methods to biological and chemical data, discuss some advanced topics, ...

Typologies are a unique form of theory building and can provide orientation to scholars and practitioners alike. However, typologies are often developed without explicitly paying attention to their inherent rigor and relevance issues. In this article, we examine the elements that constitute rigor and relevance in qualitative typologies, particularly in management studies, and illustrate them th...

The Problem: How can biological cells grow to form complicated shapes? In our approach to this question, we model cells as simple immobile computing units with the ability to replicate and pass messages. Motivation: A primary goal of this project is to better understand how biological cells grow into complex structures. This work will also provide insight into a new computing paradigm, namely A...