Local social interactions among individuals in animal groups generate collective behavior, allowing to adjust changing conditions. Historically, scientists from different disciplines have taken approaches modeling behavior. We describe how each can contribute the goal of understanding natural systems. Simple bottom-up models that and their directly demonstrated local far equilibrium states. How...

Background and Objective: Numerical modeling of biological structures would be very helpful tool to analyze hundreds of human body phenomena and also diseases diagnosis. One physiologic phenomenon is blood circulatory system and heart hemodynamic performance that can be simulated by utilizing lumped method. In this study, we can predict hemodynamic behavior of one artery of circulatory system (...