The sign and magnitude of permafrost carbon (C)-climate feedback are highly uncertain due to the limited understanding of the decomposability of thawing permafrost and relevant mechanistic controls over C release. Here, by combining aerobic incubation with biomarker analysis and a three-pool model, we reveal that C quality (represented by a higher amount of fast cycling C but a lower amount of ...

Prenatal screening for Down syndrome (DS) based on biomarker levels provides expectant parents with an estimated risk of a DS baby. The risk cutoff value of a prenatal screening test determines the detection and false positive rates and the selection of follow-up procedures, such as an invasive diagnostic test. Women who consider prenatal screening might face two undesirable outcomes: undetecte...

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer remains the most common non-skin cancer malignancy in men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is recognized as a biomarker for the diagnosis, monitoring, and risk prediction of prostate cancer. Its use in the setting of prostate cancer screening has been controversial due to the risk of over diagnosis and over treatment. OBJECTIVE Within Australia, there are inconsiste...

The public is increasingly exposed to various engineered nanomaterials because of their mass production and wide application. Even when the biological effects of nanomaterials have been assessed, the underlying mechanisms of action in vivo are poorly understood. The present study was designed to seek a simple, effective, and oxidative stress-based biomarker system used for screening toxicity of...

The search for clinically useful biomarkers has been one of the holy grails of schizophrenia research. This paper will outline the evolving notion of biomarkers and then outline outcomes from a variety of biomarkers discovery strategies. In particular, the impact of high-throughput screening technologies on biomarker discovery will be highlighted and how new or improved technologies may allow t...

Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos-induced, aggressive tumour with limited treatment options and very poor outcome. Currently, there are no tumour biomarkers in widespread clinical use for this disease. Soluble mesothelin is the most intensively investigated mesothelioma biomarker and has been approved by the US FDA primarily as a tool for monitoring patient response and progression. Mesothe...

DNA methylation has been reported to become a potential powerful tool for cancer detection and diagnosis. However, the possibilities for the application of blood-based gene methylation as a biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) detection and screening remain unclear. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the value of gene methylation detected in blood samples as a noninv...

Several approaches to identification of predictive biomarkers and subgroups of patients with enhanced treatment effect have been proposed in the literature. The SIDES method introduced in Lipkovich et al. (2011) adopts a recursive partitioning algorithm for screening treatment-by-biomarker interactions. This article introduces an improved biomarker discovery/subgroup search method (SIDEScreen)....

© Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved. Transl Androl Urol, 2015;4(S1) www.amepc.org/tau Results: From the samples provided, the top three biomarker combinations (C) returned high sensitivity and specificity of 91.38% and 94.29% from PCDH17 + POU4F2 (C1), 91.38% and 90.00% from PCDH17 + POU4F2 + NID2 (C2), and 93.10% and 92.86% from PCDH17 + POU4F2 + EOMES (C3) consequently....

This paper develops a framework for evaluating the usefulness of a PD biomarker as a primary endpoint in a Phase 2 screening trial of an oncology drug. We judge the contribution of the PD biomarker by assessing its impact on the efficiency of the drug development process. 'Efficiency' is defined as the probability that an active drug is found to be effective in Phase 3 divided by the sum of the...