A two-dimensional model for biofilm growth and detachment was used to evaluate the effect of detachment on biofilm structures. The detachment process is considered to be due to internal stress created by moving liquid past the biofilm. This model generated a variety of realistic biofilm-formation patterns. It was possible to model in a unified way two different biofilm detachment processes, ero...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion EGU Abstract Continuous ambient measurements with aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) were carried out in an industrial/residential section in the nor...

the performance of a γ-al 2 o 3 /n-decane nanofluid shell-and-tube heat exchanger in a biomass heating plant is analyzed to specify the optimum condition based on the maximum heat transfer rate and performance index for wide range of nanoparticle volume fraction (0–7%). compared with pure          n-decane, the obtained results in this research show that by using γ-al 2 o 3 /n-decane nanofluid ...

In this study, a 2D model for a CFB biomass combustor has been developed which integrates and simultaneously predicts the hydrodynamics, heat transfer and combustion aspects. Combustor hydrodynamic is modeled taking into account previous work. Simulation model calculates the axial and radial distribution of voidage, velocity, particle size distribution, pressure drop, gas emissions and temperat...

The present work is focused on the study of fluidization behaviour of biomass and sand mixtures in a laboratory scale test set up. The biomass materials used during the experimentation were rice husk, bagasse and sawdust. Two different particle sizes of silica sands were used in forming the mixture. The percentages of biomass in the mixtures were 2%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight. The minimum fluid...

AIEWRACT-The pyrolysis of general biomass materials is modeled via a superposition of cellulose, hcmiccllulosc and lignin kinetics. All three of the primary biomass components arc modeled with multi-slcp kinetics involving both compcte-tivc primary pyrolysis and secondary tar decomposition reactions. Only " typical " (untreated) fccdstocks arc considered at at mosphcric pyrolysis pressures. The...

Thermochemical conversion of non-edible biomass offers an efficient and economically process to provide valuable fuels and prepare chemicals derived from biomass in the context of developing countries. Pyrolysis has advantages over other thermochemical conversion techniques because it can convert biomass directly into solid, liquid and gaseous products by thermal decomposition of biomass in the...

Pretreatment has been recognized as a key step in enzyme-based conversion processes of lignocellulose biomass to ethanol. The aim of this study is to evaluate two hydrothermal pretreatments (steam explosion and liquid hot water) to enhance ethanol production from poplar (Populus nigra) biomass by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. The composition of liquid and solid...

The condition of heat transfer to lignocellulosic biomass particles during thermal processing at high temperature (>400 °C) dramatically alters the yield and quality of renewable energy and fuels. In this work, crystalline cellulose particles were discovered to lift off heated surfaces by high speed photography similar to the Leidenfrost effect in hot, volatile liquids. Order of magnitude varia...

During the FOS-DECAFE experiment at Lamto, Ivory Coast, in January 1991, various ground studies were undertaken simultaneously in order to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of smoke emitted by savanna biomass burning. Here we present sunphotometer groundbased results which allow the measurements of the spectral optical depth between 450 and 850 nm, the atmospheric water vapo...