b a ckground: west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause fatal infection in mammals in-cluding humans, dogs, horses, birds and reptiles. although west nile virus is an asymptomatic infection, especially it can cause neurologic disorders in humans and horses. the aim of this study was to the investigate virological pres- ence of wnv in horses in the black sea region of turk...

In this paper, relationships between wave characteristics and upcrossing-and oscillation-intensities are used to construct conservative bounds for signiicant wave heights and amplitudes and for moments of waves crests and troughs. A concept of oscillation ltering is introduced for removing small waves. Results are illustrated by ve examples in which both Gaussian and non-Gaussian models for a s...

Two atmospheric general circulation model experiments are conducted with specified terrestrial snow conditions representative of 1980–99 and 2080–99. The snow states are obtained from twentieth-century and twenty-first-century coupled climate model integrations under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Sea surface temperatures, sea ice, and greenhouse gas concentrations are set to 1980–99...

introduction thunderstorms pose a significant threat to modern societies and their assets. despite their local-scale characteristics, severe thunderstorms and associated extreme events like heavy rainfall, hail, gusts, or tornadoes can cause considerable damage to agriculture, buildings, or infrastructure, and facilities. thunderstorms are highly localized and largely stationary weather systems...

Over the last century humans have altered the export of fluvial materials leading to significant changes in morphology, chemistry, and biology of the coastal ocean. Here we present sedimentary, paleoenvironmental and paleogenetic evidence to show that the Black Sea, a nearly enclosed marine basin, was affected by land use long before the changes of the Industrial Era. Although watershed hydrocl...

Tides are the main type of sea level variability in the world oceans. However, oceanic tides penetrate weakly, or do not penetrate at all, into enclosed basins such as the Baltic, Black, and Caspian seas. Consequently, only directly forced tides are formed in these basins. Long observation time series (up to 123 years in the Baltic Sea and 38 years in the Black and Caspian seas) at numerous sta...

Wave energy production is one of the most environmentally benign ways to generate electricity. For building of the power stations, that using sea wave motion to generate hydro-pneumatic pressure, which is then transformed into electricity, is necessary to know the characteristics of the sea waves in the interest area. To obtain realistic estimated wind-generated waves for the bottom topography,...

Background: Epstein-Barr virus has been proved to be associated with many of the human malignancy including gastric carcinoma, one of the most important human malignancies in the world. There has been no study about the presence of EBV in gastric adenocarcinoma in Iran. Methods: We examined the presence of EBV in 273 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded cases of gastric carcinoma from Cancer instit...

A new species of the genus Litarcturus Brandt, 1990, L. kexueiae sp. nov., collected from deep sea of the Okinawa Trough, is described and illustrated. It is readily distinguished from the other seven species of the genus by bearing long supraocular spines about as long as the head and posterolateral pleotelsonic spines overreaching the pleotelson apex.

A recent increase in sea temperature has established a new ecosystem dynamic regime in the North Sea. Climate-induced changes in decapods have played an important role. Here, we reveal a coincident increase in the abundance of swimming crabs and lesser black-backed gull colonies in the North Sea, both in time and in space. Swimming crabs are an important food source for lesser black-backed gull...