botulinum toxin (bt) is a potent presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent which induces selective, reversible muscle weakness for months when injected intramuscularly.during recent years bt has revolutionized the treatment of previously intractable symptoms of detrusor overactivity. based on a systematic search of the pubmed database,a review of the current literature on the use of onabotulinum...

To understand functions and diseases of urinary bladder, it is important to define its molecular constituents and their roles in urinary bladder biology. Here, we performed genome-wide deep RNA sequencing analysis of human urinary bladder samples and identified genes up-regulated in the urinary bladder by comparing the transcriptome data to those of all other major human tissue types. 90 protei...

Materials and Methods: 133 Mitrofanoff channels (100 appendicular, 31 ureteric and 2 Monti) were constructed in 122 children (93 boys and 29 girls) of mean age 6.3 years over the period from 1997 to 2005. The procedure was part of the reconstructive procedure in patients of neurogenic bladder (n=44), exstrophy-epispadias (n=40), posterior Urethral valve (n=30), and other diseases (n=8). Additio...

n this article, we review available evidence on the treatment of patients with nonurothelial cancer of the bladder. More than 50 published works were reviewed in preparation for this summary. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are deally treated with radical cystectomy. High-risk groups for these diseases are defined. Small cell carcinoma should be treated ith multimodality therapy, inc...

Feline lower urinary tract diseases are known to be life threatening conditions in cats, especially when they occur as obstructive diseases in males. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary, otherwise it may lead to death. A 3-year-old male Persian cat was referred to the clinic with a history of anuria, lethargy, loss of appetite and exploratory cystotomy 6 months ago due to urethral obstru...

Fifty two diabetic patients and 15 healthy control subjects were prospectively studied for their gall bladder function by ultrasound examination. The fasting gall bladder volume (FGBV) was calculated by using ellipse formula from the dimensions of gall bladder shadow seen on ultrasound screen in two different cuts. The contractility of gall bladder was measured by calculating post prandial ejec...

BACKGROUND Bladder spasm is a common side effect of urological surgery. Main treatment modalities include opioids or anticholinergic medication; however, bladder spasms still occur even after these interventions. Recent studies indicate that transcutaneous stimulation of the foot can result in 50% increase in bladder capacity in healthy adults, and inhibit bladder detrusor overactivity in spina...

Bladder cancers are a mixture of heterogeneous cell populations, and numerous factors are likely to be involved in dictating their recurrence, progression and the patient's survival. For any candidate prognostic marker to have considerable clinical relevance, it must add some predictive capacity beyond that offered by conventional clinical and pathologic parameters. Here, the current situation ...

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) occurs in cruciferous vegetables that are commonly consumed by humans and has been shown to inhibit urinary bladder cancer growth and progression in previous preclinical studies. However, AITC does not significantly modulate cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), whose oncogenic activity has been well documented in bladder cancer and other cancers. Celecoxib is a selective Cox-2 ...

BACKGROUND Carcinoma gall bladder accounts for 98% of all the gall bladder malignancies and is the sixth most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. Incidental gall bladder carcinoma (IGBC) is an incidental finding of carcinoma diagnosed during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy or on histopathological examination of gall bladder specimen removed for benign gall bladder diseases...