It has been known that a high-emissivity furnace provides an energy-efficient alternative to a conventional furnace [1,2]. To improve the efficiency of a furnace, ceramic coatings with high emissivity are often applied to the interior of the furnace. The purpose of this paper is to show the amount of electrical energy-saving achieved by emissive carbon coating for a tubular vacuum-furnace. Alum...

There is worldwide interest in deriving increasing amounts of energy from bio-based agricultural materials including not only lignocellulosic residues but also a significant quantity of available livestock manure. This manure can be used as a feedstock for various thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis and gasification. In order to apply these processes, the manure must be proper...

In this work, the effects of scale on thermal behavior of the slab in a walking-beam type reheating furnace is studied by considering scale formation and growth in a furnace environment. Also, mathematical heat transfer model to predict the thermal radiation in a complex shaped reheating furnace with slab and skid buttons is developed with combined nongray WSGGM and blocked-off solution procedu...

Ethylene cracking furnace system is the heart of ethylene production. It can process different raw materials in the pipe group of each furnace and can produce the main chemical products like ethylene, propylene and ethane. In the real world ethylene plant, there are two operation modes in the furnace system, one has a backup furnace in the system and the other is with all the furnaces available...

This paper presents three new approaches to reduce excess sludge production in activated sludge systems: 1) modification of conventional activated sludge process with insertion of a sludge holding tank in the sludge return line; 2) chlorination of excess sludge so as to minimize excess sludge production; and 3) utilization of a metabolic uncoupler, 3, 3', 4', 5-Tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) t...

steel industry is one of the most consumption of energy in the world, which is related to melting furnace which result environmental pollution. we calculate the energy consumption and capital cost of dust collectors of venturi scrubber (vs) and electrostatic precipitator (esp) which are connected to melting furnace in respect to industrial ecology for selection of appropriate dust collection sy...

Ferrochrome is the major chromium source for stainless steel production, and submerged-arc furnaces (SAF) are most commonly utilised to smelt chromite ores into ferrochrome by using suitable carbonaceous reductants such as coke. Because of the complexity of feed structure and electrical-thermal-chemical interactions, there exist large gradients and wide distributions of temperature, mineralogy ...

Alternate cycling of sludge in aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic regimes is a promising strategy that can reduce the sludge yield of conventional activated sludge (CAS) by up to 50% with potentially lower capital and operating cost than physical- and/or chemical-based sludge minimisation techniques. The mechanisms responsible for reducing sludge yield include alterations to cellular metabolism and...

In order to discuss the atomization process of an analyte element occurring in a graphite furnace for atomic absorption spectrometry, we measured variations in the characteristic temperature with the progress of an atomization stage, by using a two-line method under the assumption of a Boltzmann distribution. For this purpose, iron was chosen as the analyte element. Also, the atomic absorption ...