791 pression of the optic nerve has also been recommend­ ed, but it should be performed within 24 hours and its effectiveness is not clear [3]. Papillary mydriasis occurring during the treatment of blow out fracture might indicate irreversible blindness, because it means that the ciliary ganglion or short ciliary nerves are injured [4]. The ciliary ganglion is located posterolateral to the glob...

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has many serious consequences for children. These consequences are, however, rarely inevitable. Families can provide a protective barrier that deflects blows, or minimises their impact and a supportive nurturing environment that can help children recover from harm. If strong enough, and with sufficient access to quality services and support from communities, families can r...

A retrospective survey of 135 posterior dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the hip was carried out in order to define the pattern of associated knee injuries. Thirty-five patients had sustained a significant injury to the knee, of which twenty-five were clearly attributable to a direct blow on the front of the knee (fractured patella, traumatic chondromalacia, fractures of femoral and ti...

We investigate the effects of an institutional mechanism that incentivizes tax payers to blow the whistle on collusive corruption and tax compliance. We do this through a leniency program. In our experiment we nest collusive corruption within a tax evasion framework. We not only study the effect of the presence of such a mechanism on behavior, but also the dynamic effect caused by the introduct...

Purpose To review the physiology, presentation and management of the oculocardiac reflex (OCR) by describing a case of the OCR associated with an orbital foreign body and complete ocular prolapse through a large orbital floor fracture in a 40-year-old male following a motor vehicle accident. Observations The patient demonstrated marked bradycardia and hypotension necessitating intubation and ...

We revisit in a 2d setting the notion of energy release rate, which plays a pivotal role in brittle fracture. Through a blow-up method, we extend that notion to crack patterns which are merely closed sets connected to the crack tip. As an application, we demonstrate that, modulo a simple meta-stability principle, a moving crack cannot generically kink while growing continuously in time. This la...

We report a case of foreign body presence in the ethmoid sinus cavity with anterior skull base fracture and visual loss. A 42-year-old male had an uncertain history of trauma and a penetrating wound near the left medial canthus. Computed tomography imaging showed a 3.0-cm bottle cap penetrating into the anterior skull base. He underwent foreign body removal, canalicular repair, ethmoidectomy, a...