Introduction: Proton therapy delivers radiation to tumor tissue in a much more confined way than conventional photon therapy thus allowing the radiation oncologist to use a greater dose while still minimizing side.   Materials and Methods: protons release most of their energy within the tumor region. As a result, the treating physician can potentially give an...

Henri Poincaré in his work on Celestial Mechanics underlined a possibility of chaotic behavior in threebody problem by the destruction of homoclinic contours. Later, an existence of transverse homoclinic points in the three-body problem was analytically verified. A well-known modification of the restricted three-body problem is that of Sitnikov [1960]. The Sitnikov problem takes place when two ...

Although it is widely recognized that adaptive behavior emerges from the ongoing interactions among the nervous system, the body, and the environment, it has only become possible in recent years to experimentally study and to simulate these interacting systems. We briefly review work on molluscan feeding, maintenance of postural control in cats and humans, simulations of locomotion in lamprey, ...

All material objects perceivable by our sensations move in real 3D-space. In order to describe such movement in strict mathematical forms we need to realize, first, what does the space represent as a mathematical abstraction and how motion in it can be expressed? Isaac Newton had gave many cogitations with regard to categories of the space and time. Results of these cogitations have been devote...

Many of the paradoxes encountered in the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics can be shown to have plausible, more logical parallels in terms of nonlinear dynamics and chaos. These include the statistical exponential decay laws, interpretations of Bell’s inequalities, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and perhaps diffractive behavior and even quantization itself. Many of the so-called al...