Bell’s palsy is the common name for inflammation of cranial nerve VII. The peculiar geniculate ganglion idiopathic and causes hemifacial paralysis. Patients who suffer from this paralysis may have their symptoms dissipate between 3 weeks months. For certain patients whose facial persist, botulinum toxin type- A might be an efficient treatment. Depending on severity muscular palsy, different tre...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Supraglottic injection of botulinum toxin (Botox) has been described as an effective treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD). Anecdotal evidence suggests that the patients have little to no breathiness after injection, but no formal longitudinal studies have been carried out to date. The purpose of this study was to examine the voice outcomes in patients with ADS...

Although it was proposed over a century ago that feedback from facial expressions influence emotional experience, tests of this hypothesis have been equivocal. Here we directly tested this facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) by comparing the impact on self-reported emotional experience of BOTOX injections (which paralyze muscles of facial expression) and a control Restylane injection (which is a c...

Intralaryngeal injections of botulinum toxin (Botox), under electromyographic guidance, have emerged as an effective treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. To remain effective, these injections must be repeated every 3 to 9 months as the symptoms recur. One drawback to the current method is the need for electromyographic confirmation of needle placement into the thyroarytenoid muscle. This...

895 Intravesical passive delivery of botulinum A toxin in patients affected by painful bladder syndrome: A pilot study. A. Giannantoni, E. Costantini, S.M. Di Stasi, E. Mearini, F. Santaniello, A. Vianello, M. Porena. In this study, Botox A was administered intravesically as an instillation, not by injection. Unfortunately, due to the molecular weight, botox A could not penetrate intact epithel...

The tremendous success of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX(R), Allergan Inc.) in the cosmetic arena has acted as a stimulus for the development of other neurotoxins. After more than 2 decades of use, BOTOX(R) has become synonymous with wrinkle reduction and is considered to be the one of the most common non-surgical cosmetic procedures performed worldwide. Because of its vast popularity among pati...