A 20 year old man attended the accident and emergency department after an assault with a short bladed knife. He had sustained a stab wound to the right orbit. There was no other significant history. On examination he was alert and orientated with a Glasgow coma scale of 15. Snellen visual acuities were no perception of light right eye and 20/20 left eye. Inspection of the right orbit revealed a...

We report a case of 68-yr-old male who died from brain injuries following an episode of prolonged hypoglycemia. While exploring controversies surrounding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings indicating the bad prognosis in patients with hypoglycemia-induced brain injuries, we here discuss interesting diffusion-MRI of hypoglycemic brain injuries and their prognostic importance focusing on l...

Many cellular models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) deform cells in a planar (2-D) configuration, a contrast from the three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of the brain, resulting in strain fields that may fail to represent the complex deformation patterns seen in vivo. Cells cultured in 3-D may more accurately represent in vivo cellular behavior than planar models due to differences in cytostr...

Proteomics and peptidomics are different and supplemental to genomics, since in contrast to the basically constant genome - the proteome and peptidome are dynamic, constantly changing, and complex networks. Proteomics is traditionally linked to 2D-gel electrophoresis techniques. Concerning peptidomics, three different approaches are currently available, all using mass spectrometry as a key elem...

Trauma patients are at high risk of cervical and associated injuries. The standard protocol includes immobilization of the cervical spine in a polytrauma as it will help to prevent spinal injuries in the prehospital settings. Hard cervical collar (or alternatives) is routinely used until the cervical spine clearance is obtained . In patients with traumatic brain injury avoiding any kind of mane...

In spite of anatomic proximity of the facial skeleton and cranium, there is lack of information in the literature regarding the relationship between facial and brain injuries. This study aims to correlate brain injuries with facial injuries using finite element method (FEM). Nine common impact scenarios of facial injuries are simulated with their individual stress wave propagation paths in the ...

Despite evidence that more than 80% of female victims of intimate partner violence, seen for medical treatment of violence-related injuries, have sustained facial injuries, traumatic brain injury is often overlooked as a consequence of those injuries. This article reviews the scant literature available and examines research on equivalent injuries sustained by athletes. Practical domains of symp...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Brain electrical stimulation has been proposed as a strategy to improve chronically impaired cognitive function. This brief review places a small number of recent studies into a broader historical context and identifies important challenges for further development of this area of research. RECENT FINDINGS Behavioral improvements following severe brain injury with central tha...