BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This review discusses recent research on the genetic, molecular, cellular, and developmental mechanisms underlying the etiology of vascular malformations of the brain (VMBs), including cerebral cavernous malformation, sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation, and the arteriovenous malformations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Summary of Review- The identificati...

INTRODUCTION Embolisation has long been used as an adjunct to surgical resection in the treatment of brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM). The most commonly used embolic material, n-butylcyanoacrylate glue, requires experience and skill to handle its quick and unpredictable flow and polymerisation. A new liquid embolic agent, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx), is less adhesive and poly...

A 28-year-old man was admitted due to progressive headache and blurred vision. Neurologic examination showed bilateral papilledema. Brain MRI showed a cystic posterior fossa tumor compressing the fourth ventricle with tonsillar herniation and cervical syringohydromyelia (figure 1). The tumor was removed through a suboccipital craniectomy and pilocytic astrocytoma was diagnosed histologically. O...

holoprosencephaly (hpe) is a rare congenital brain malformation associated with multiple midline facial defects. this anomaly is resulted from the failure of diverticulation and cleavage of primitive prosencephalon during weeks 4-8 of gestation. hpe is the most common forebrain developmental anomaly in human with the incidence rate of 0.49-1.2 cases per 10,000-20,000 term births. in this study,...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can occur in any location but are more commonly seen the brain. Surgical excision combined with embolization therapy is preferred method of treatment. We had a young female intramuscular AVM left leg and patient has already undergone sclerotherapy multiple times not been relieved symptoms. have excised severely calcified stone-like AV malformation ligation fee...

IN mammalian teratology, a malformation consisting of 'overgrowth' of the neural tube has been described by, among others, Patten (1952,1957) and Ariens Kappers (1956, 1957). Sjodin (1957) thought it to be a post-mortem effect and not a true malformation. The present author (1955) demonstrated that a similar malformation could be produced in the rostral part of the brain of chick embryos by ope...

A61 year old man was admitted to our department due to recurrent episodes of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). He had been previously healthy except for a 10 year history of hypertension. One year ago, SAH had occurred but four vessel cerebral angiography showed no cause of SAH. One month ago, an intradural extramedullary (IDEM) lesion was detected due to right posterior auricular pain (fig 1A). ...