INTRODUCTION There is now abundant evidence that the immune system and the brain have close functional interactions in both directions. This review focuses on the influence of the microbiota (the bacteria resident in the gut) on brain function in major depressive disorder (MDD) and related syndromes. The gut and the central nervous system communicate partly through the autonomic nervous system ...

purpose : ophthalmoplegia makes many physicians to refer the patients to neurologists and/or ophthalmologists for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation. ophthalmoplegia has different etiologies some of which may be very harmful and need urgent intervention. prevalence of the disease is not obvious. this study is designed to evaluate the various etiologies and their prevalence in this disorder. methods : ...

The hypothesis is summarised schematically in Fig. 1. It is proposed that mechanical deformation of the skin by needles and application of heat or electrical current leads to release of large amounts of ATP from keratinocytes, fibroblasts and other cells in skin; the ATP then occupies specific receptor subtypes expressed on sensory nerve endings in the skin and tongue; the sensory nerves send i...

Intestinal gluconeogenesis is involved in the control of food intake. We show that mu-opioid receptors (MORs) present in nerves in the portal vein walls respond to peptides to regulate a gut-brain neural circuit that controls intestinal gluconeogenesis and satiety. In vitro, peptides and protein digests behave as MOR antagonists in competition experiments. In vivo, they stimulate MOR-dependent ...

Abstract Neurotrauma is a medical field that deals with the treatment and prevention of serious injuries to brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. It presents complex ethical issues require careful consideration balance between individual autonomy, public health, patient preferences, clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine several dilemmas in neurotrauma, including traumatic events, ob...

Brain is the control unit of a human body and is a highly specialized organ. It controls all the body functions. There are many diseases that could affect the normal functioning of brain and one of them is brain cancer. Some kinds of tumors are the prime cause of brain cancer. A brain tumor takes up space within the skull and can interfere with normal brain activity. It can increase pressure in...

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an uncommon disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical findings, absence of specific laboratory markers and good response to treatment. Typically CIDP manifests as weakness varying severity, from minimal paresis plegia, well symmetrical loss sensitivity in all limbs, a distinctive feature CDL the involvement both proximal distal p...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the brain that renders people unable to do simple day-to-day activities. The cause MS remains unknown. Doctors hypothesize there “trigger” makes immune systems with overactive, causing injury their own brains and nerves. Exposure certain viruses vitamin deficiencies can increase person’s likelihood developing MS. causes relatively similar symptoms in chil...

Hypertension is blood pressure that exceeds normal limits where systolic pressure> 140 mmHg and diastolic > 90 mmHg. To overcome this, it necessary to make non-pharmacological therapy, namely the application of Slow, Deep Breathing Exercises. This study aims apply Slow Exercise decrease in patients with hypertension ineffective brain tissue perfusion. The method used this research a case ...

Abstract A 44-year-old female patient with a history of recurrent oral and genital ulcers presented rapid gait disturbance, headaches, dysphonia, dysphagia, diplopia evolving for 3 weeks. On examination, spastic tetraparesis, cerebellar ataxia, nerves palsies were noted. Pseudofolliculitis the lower limbs active buccal identified. Cerebral MRI demonstrated T2-Flair hyperintense capsulothalamic ...