Overtopping flow velocity (OFV) and overtopping layer thickness (OTL) are essential parameters in breakwater design. Several empirical equations to predict these available many works of literature, but most the were derived based on impermeable structures such as sea dikes. In this study, we experimented with waves over a composite tetrapod armor units. experiments, wave was generated from regu...

We report results of our experimental and theoretical studies on the oxidation of Cu-Au alloy surfaces, viz., Cu3Au(111), CuAu(111), and Au3Cu(111), using hyperthermal O2 molecular beam (HOMB). We observed strong Au segregation to the top layer of the corresponding clean (111) surfaces. This forms a protective layer that hinders further oxidation into the bulk. The higher the concentration of A...

To share the construction and maintenance cost, an asymmetric oscillating water column (OWC) device integrated with a pile-fixed box-typed offshore breakwater is considered experimentally numerically. A fully nonlinear numerical wave tank established validated open source solver OpenFOAM. The effects of width draft rear box, incident height on energy conversion efficiency, reflection transmissi...

background and purpose: many workers are exposed to workplace hazards. many occupational diseases are preventable by personal protective devices (ppds). though many workers do not use ppds or their protection by ppds is not sufficient. this study was designed to assess the quality of ppds usage among industrial workers. materials and methods: in a cross-sectional study, 648 workers from four ma...

This paper presents the results from a numerical simulation study to investigate wave trapping by series of trapezoidal porous submerged breakwaters near vertical breakwater, as well seabed response around breakwater. An integrated model, based on volume-averaged Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (VARANS) equations is developed simulate flow field, while dynamic Biot’s are used for simulating wav...