The protein kinases PKR, GCN2, and PERK phosphorylate translation initiation factor eIF2alpha to regulate general and genespecific protein synthesis under various cellular stress conditions. Recent x-ray crystallographic structures of PKR and GCN2 revealed distinct dimeric configurations of the kinase domains. Whereas PKR kinase domains dimerized in a back-to-back and parallel orientation, the ...

Cell biologists are interested in how complexity arises from the interaction of different molecules. However, cells are many orders of magnitude larger than the protein-binding interfaces. To bridge these vast difference in scales, biologists construct hierarchies of organization of cellular structures. I describe how systems biology provides an approach to bridge these different scales.

This paper presents a new moving force identification (MFI) algorithm that uses measured accelerations to infer applied vehicle forces on bridges. Previous MFI algorithms use strain or deflection measurements. Statistics of the inferred are used in turn as indicators global bridge damage. The acceleration-based (A-MFI) is validated through numerical simulations with coupled vehicle-bridge dynam...

Using a tight-binding model of charge transport in systems with static and dynamic disorder, we present a theoretical study of the positive charge transfer in molecular assemblies that involve a hole donor and an acceptor connected by fluorene and phenyl bridges. Two parameters that determine the rate of charge transfer within the proposed model are the charge transfer integral between neighbor...

three unconventional details for plastic hinges of bridge columns subjected to seismic loads were developed, designed, and implemented in a large-scale, four-span reinforced concrete bridge. shape memory alloys (sma), special engineered cementitious composites (ecc), elastomeric pads embedded into columns, and post-tensioning were used in three different piers. the bridge model was subjected to...

OBJECTIVES Three strong interactions between amino acid side chains (salt bridge, cation-π, and amide bridge) are studied that are stronger than (or comparable to) the common hydrogen bond interactions, and play important roles in protein-protein interactions. METHODS Quantum chemical methods MP2 and CCSD(T) are used in calculations of interaction energies and structural optimizations. RESU...

Causal Emotion Entailment aims to identify causal utterances that are responsible for the target utterance with a non-neutral emotion in conversations. Previous works limited thorough understanding of conversational context and accurate reasoning cause. To this end, we propose Knowledge-Bridged Interaction Network (KBCIN) commonsense knowledge (CSK) leveraged as three bridges. Specifically, con...

The first step of HIV-1 infection involves interaction between the viral glycoprotein gp120 and the human cellular receptor CD4. Inhibition of the gp120-CD4 interaction represents an attractive strategy to block HIV-1 infection. In an attempt to explore the known lack of affinity of murine CD4 to gp120, we have investigated peptides presenting the putative gp120-binding site of murine CD4 (mCD4...

A model for bridge-assisted, long-range electron transfer in a molecule interacting with a dissipative external bath is presented. The effects of the system-bath interaction are included phenomenologically in the evolution of the system density matrix as energy dephasings on the bridge sites. When the bridge dephasings are small, the steady state ET rate in this model is found to be the sum of ...

This study was undertaken with the aim of illuminating the soil-plant interactions of Pistacia lentiscus L., which is a Mediterranean sclerophylleous coastal zone plant in the Western Anatolian part of Turkey. The soil analysis data showed that this plant grows on different kinds of soils such as sandy-clayey-loam, clayey-loam, sandy-loam and loamy texture. Soils are not saline, with pH moderat...