Setback in elevation of a structure is a special irregularity with considerable effect on its seismic performance. This paper addresses multistory Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame buildings, regular and irregular in elevation. Several multistory Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames (RCMRFs) with different types of setbacks, as well as the regular frames in elevation, are designed according...

Recently, concerning failure of structures due to earthquakes, special investigations of near fault ground motions have been noticed. Hence, in this paper, characteristics of near field ground motions have been considered in horizontal and vertical directions. In this consideration, the record averages have been compared with Uniform Building Code and Eurocode8 spectra in two levels. In additio...

Cities on the east Mediterranean coast, especially in Palestine, are struggling to move towards sustainability as they vulnerable climate change and lack natural resources, energy this situation is further aggravated by high prices. The problem building sector, which most challenging sector when it comes cities’ and, specifically, sustainability. In main consumer of but lacks efficiency measure...

Electrical energy usage in buildings is a challenging issue because many old were not originally built to achieve efficiency. Thus, retrofitting net-zero can benefit both the owner and electric utilities. In this study, BEC (building code) software was used evaluate aspects of retrofitted compliance with Thailand’s building code building. addition, economic also studied verify feasibility for p...

Preface The Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Electrical Installations (Electrical Code) developed by the Electrical & Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) aims to set out the minimum design requirements on energy efficiency of electrical installations. It forms a part of a set of comprehensive Building Energy Codes (BEC) that addresses energy efficiency requirements in building servic...

Preface The Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency of Lighting Installations (Lighting Code) developed by the Electrical & Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) aims to set out the minimum design requirements on energy efficiency of lighting installations. It forms a part of a set of comprehensive Building Energy Codes (BEC) that addresses energy efficiency requirements in building services ins...