Abstract Moler caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cepae is a seed-borne disease, so the disease intensity in field depend on amount of initial inoculum infected bulbs as seeds. Therefore, detection pathogens important to determine potential their transmission. The aim this research was evaluate sensitivity bulb tissue shallot based pathogen Infection Index incubation method agar media detect pre...

Background: Onion is a widely accepted as vegetable well spice crop, sharing 14.31 lakh ha area with 267.3 MT production in 2020. Improved management structure and healthy seedling are important factors overcoming the cause even developing effective transplanter. The information of morphological properties essential before designing modern farming equipment. Methods: Present study focuses on ag...

The method for quantitative determination of serum sodium as described by Vanatta and Cox (1) is adaptable to determination of urine sodium. However, wider variations in sodium and potassium concentrations, and the presence of ammonia and other interfering substances, necessitate certain modifications of the procedure. Apparatus and Reagents-The items of apparatus needed for the determination o...

This work presents an experimental study that investigates the behavoir of both conventional and under-reamed piles embedded in a single layer sand with varying relative densities examines different soil layers, subjected to pullout static monotonic loading. The focuses on influence spacing ratio between under-reams number bulbs pile's ultimate load. A uniform pile stem, bulb, twin were three v...

Data collected at two measurement scales from a semiarid grassland are presented and analyzed to explore the hydrologic effects of grazing, interactions between overland flow and infiltration, and scale issues. Rainfall-runoff simulations were used to quantify the areal ~3 by 10 m plot scale! response, and small-diameter ~9 cm! disk infiltrometers were used to estimate point-scale hydraulic con...

the asiatic hybrid lily, a bulbous ornamental plant, has a special position in the horticulture as cut flower. to overcome some problems in nutrition of bulb flowers, the use of hydroponic system and nutrient solution is important in the cultivation of these flowers. the asiatic hybrid lilium bulbs “tresor” cultivar, used for the current research were planted under 3 different calcium levels in...

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a spice crop and valuable economic cultivated in variety of environments around the world. Because its export demand, it extremely important terms foreign exchange. Drought stress, waterlogging heat cold salinity stress all have an impact on onion growth, production, yield different ways. A lack water causes low productivity, therefore to increase yield, constant suppl...

To optimize conditions for micropropagating Galanthus transcaucasicus Fomin, the effect of explant type, different concentrations of sucrose, type and different concentrations of auxin were examined on bulblet production. For the induction of bulblets, three types of bulb scales were usesd as explants. A two-step sterilization procedure was applied. Assessments were made after incubation for 20...

The study was carried out with 38 collected garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars from 3 important garlic production area in Iran (Zanjan, Hamadan and Mazandaran). The cloves were planted in 30 × 30 cm pots in control conditions (average temperature: 20 °C and 60 % RH). Randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted. The bulbing characteristics such as bulb weight, bulb circu...