Children are sensitive to whether informants provide sufficient information for accurate learning (Gweon et al., 2011). Do children think that informants should always provide as much information as possible? Here we show that children consider other’s prior knowledge and the cost of information to decide how much information is appropriate. We showed children toys that had 20 identical buttons...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of contamination by either blood or a hemostatic agent on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic buttons. METHODS We used 45 freshly extracted, non-carious, impacted third molars that were divided into 3 groups of 15. Each tooth was etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel for 30 s. Human blood or the blood stopper agent was applied to the tooth surface in g...

BACKGROUND We have been developing the Self-Propelling Capsule Endoscope (SPCE) that allows for controllability from outside of the body and real-time observation. What kind of capsule endoscope (CE) is suitable for a controllable SPCE is unclear and a very critical point for clinical application. We compared observing ability of three kinds of SPCEs with different viewing angles and frame rate...

PURPOSE To evaluate histological changes in the corneal stroma in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. METHODS Twenty-eight patients (28 eyes) with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty at Shandong Eye Institute between January 2006 and November 2011. The patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of bullous keratopathy (<1.0 year gr...

This paper describes a novel remote control operational with stroking its surface. There are lots of remote controls in our houses for TVs, air conditioners, and so on. However, when we use a remote control, we need to look at both our fingers and the target appliance that we would like to control. It may be not significantly problematic for young people, but elderly people have a difficulty in...

To function in human-inhabited environments a robot must be able to press buttons. There are literally thousands of different buttons, which produce various types of feedback when pressed. This work focuses on doorbell buttons, which provide auditory feedback. Our robot learned to predict if a specific pushing movement would press a doorbell button and produce a sound. The robot explored differ...

Usually, when Web search sources such as search engines and deep Websites retrieve too many result records for a given query, they split them among several pages with, say, ten or twenty records on each page and return only the page that has the top ranked records. This page usually provides one or more hyperlinks or buttons pointing to one or more of the remaining response pages (called subseq...

BACKGROUND Accuracy evaluation of navigated image free placement of double cortical fixation buttons for coracoclavicular tunnel position in comparison to conventional drill guide based placement. METHODS Twenty-six patients with acute acromioclavicular joint instability were included in this non-randomized cohort study. All patients were treated with a Double- TightRope technique. In 13 case...

Not many virtual 3D puzzle applications have been researched. We present a solution using tangible objects and a reach-in set-up. The user can solve a puzzle using natural and tangible interaction. To provide realistic interaction, the usage of buttons was avoided by design. In a user experiment the solution proved to be natural and intuitive.

Lymphatic vasculature is increasingly recognized as an important factor both in the regulation of normal tissue homeostasis and immune response and in many diseases, such as inflammation, cancer, obesity, and hypertension. In the last few years, in addition to the central role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C/VEGF receptor-3 signaling in lymphangiogenesis, significant new insights...