The aim of this study was to replicate and extend the findings of O'Connor, Bélanger, Marchand, Dupuis, Elie, and Boyer [Addict. Behav. 24 (1999) 537], which had established a psychosocial profile associated with psychological distress in benzodiazepine (BZD) use. Forty-one participants with anxiety or insomnia, receiving maintenance therapy of BZD for at least 8 weeks, participated in a 20-wee...

Benzodiazepines (BZDs), which bind with high affinity to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA-Rs) and potentiate the effects of GABA, are widely prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, epileptic discharge, and as anticonvulsants. The long-term use of BZDs is limited due to adverse effects such as tolerance, dependence, withdrawal effects, and impairments in cognition and learning. Addition...

the aim of this investigation was to design and develop nanoemulsions (nes) as novel ophthalmic delivery systems for brinzolamide (bzd). phase behavior of quaternary systems composed of triacetin and capryoltm 90 (selected oils, screened through the solubility studies), various surfactants (namely, cremophor rh 40, brij 35, labrasol and tyloxapol), transcutol p (as co-surfactant) and water a...

Modest antidepressant response rates of mood disorders (MD) encourage benzodiazepine (BZD) co-medication with debatable benefit. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis may underlie antidepressant responses, but diazepam co-administration impairs murine neuron maturation and survival in response to fluoxetine. We counted neural progenitor cells (NPCs), mitotic cells, and mature granule neurons post-mort...

Several structural subclasses of ligands bind to the benzodiazepine (BZD) binding site of the GABA(A) receptor. Previous studies from this laboratory have suggested that imidazobenzodiazepines (i-BZDs, e.g., Ro 15-1788) require domains in the BZD binding site for high-affinity binding that are distinct from the requirements of classic BZDs (e.g., flunitrazepam). Here, we used systematic mutagen...

OBJECTIVE Recently, the use of benzodiazepines (BZD) and cyclopyrrolones (CP) has drawn a great deal of attention. About 100,000 patients - approximately 2% of the Danish population - are believed to be addicted to BZD. This article describes a simple and effective method of reducing the use of dependency-producing drugs in clinical practice. METHODS DESIGN Local rules were implemented acc...

Although the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol – Revised (CIWA-Ar) is a gold standard tool clinical evaluation of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), systematic analysis using total scores CIWA-Ar as means an objective follow-up course and treatment AWS missing. The aims present study were to systematically evaluate scientific data CIWA-Ar, reveal whether aggregated follow com...

We have undertaken a test–re-test [C]flumazenil (FMZ) PET study in 10 drug-resistant epileptic patients, including six with a mesiotemporal epilepsy (MTE), and 10 normal controls, in order to investigate seizure-related short-term plasticity of benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors. All subjects underwent two FMZ-PET scans at a 1 week interval. Patients benefited from a concurrent video-EEG monitoring...

Background. Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is still a major concern for emergency physicians and intensivists. Concomitant ingestion of other psychoactive drugs especially benzodiazepines with TCAs may make this clinical situation more complex. This study aimed to compare the arterial blood gas (ABG) values and the outcome of treatment in patients with coingestion of TCA and be...

To obtain drugs which are more selective at benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors, design and synthesis of functionally selective ligands for BZD receptors is the current strategy of our pharmaceutical chemistry department. The affinity of newly synthesized ligands is assessed by radioligand receptor binding assays. Based on our previous studies, 2-phenyl-5-oxo-7-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazolo[a,2,3]-pyrimid...