IONIZED calcium regulates many cellular processes, such as cell motility, muscle contraction, axonal flow, cytoplasmic streaming, neurotransmitter release, endocytosis, andexocytosis. Intracellular Ca concentrations under steady state conditions are low, usually below 10" M. Upon stimulation, the Ca concentration increases transiently and apparently signals an appropriate response, which is oft...

OBJECTIVES Hypertension is well established as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although there is undeniable evidence to support the beneficial effects of antihypertensive therapy on morbidity and mortality, adequate blood pressure management still remains suboptimal. Research into the treatment of hypertension has produced a multitude of drug classes with different efficacy prof...

a series of 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers bearing 1-(4-x -benzyl)-5-imidazolyl substituent at 4 position (5a-e) (x=h, f) were synthesized and tested for antihypertensive activity in desoxycorticosterone acetate (doca)-induced hypertension in rats. amlodipine was used as the standard dihydropyridine. all compounds tested showed lower antihypertensive activity than that of amlodipi...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that calcium channel blockers can cause cutaneous adverse reactions; however, the amounts of data collected are limited. Recently, there have been new drugs available for which only a few reports have been published with regard to cutaneous adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to estimate the rate and to study clinical patterns of cu...

CONTEXT Diuretic-based therapy is at least as effective as newer classes of agents for hypertension. However, many patients with hypertension require treatment with more than 1 drug class to achieve blood pressure control. The relative benefits or risks of 2-drug-class combinations are not well known. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate if there are differences in cardiovascular mortality amo...

To investigate the channels and neurotransmitters in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) oblongata that are responsible for the maintenance of sympathetic tone and cardio-respiratory reflex regulation. Microinjections of excitant amino acid (glutamate, 100 nl, 100 mM), calcium channel blockers, agonists and antagonists were made throughout the VLM in anaesthetized rats. Arterial blood pressure, sym...

BACKGROUND In several observational studies, patients prescribed calcium channel blockers had higher risks of cardiovascular diseases and mortality than those prescribed other antihypertensive medications. We explored these associations in the Nurses' Health Study. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 14 617 women who reported hypertension and regular use of diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channe...

To investigate the channels and neurotransmitters in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) oblongata that are responsible for the maintenance of sympathetic tone and cardio-respiratory reflex regulation. Microinjections of excitant amino acid (glutamate, 100 nl, 100 mM), calcium channel blockers, agonists and antagonists were made throughout the VLM in anaesthetized rats. Arterial blood pressure, sym...