This article introduces and explores, for the first time in any Western language, gilded-silver xiangnang 香囊 (spherical incense burner) from Famen Temple, one of largest burners found Tang dynasty. The spherical burner evolved censers bedclothes known as beizhong xianglu 被中香爐 (literally “perfume [to be placed] among covers [of bed], used a warming device), which are chronicled early Han dynasty...

In the long history of feudal society China, Kaifeng played a vital role. During Northern Song Dynasty, became worldwide metropolis. The important reason was that Grand Canal, which excavated during Sui main transportation artery for political and military center north economic south. Furthermore, located at made it capital later Dynasty. Dynasty called “the canal-centered era.” development can...

We have made a computer graphics model of Chang'an City when it was the capital of China during the Tang Dynasty (7-10th century). The real-time rendered images are projected onto a hemispherical screen by 6 projectors after being geometrically transformed, and the brightness and color adjusted to produce one seamless image on the screen. The transformation is executed on our proprietary image ...

Mosque-school is one of the prominent multi-functional buildings in Iranian architecture. It integrates training use with praying function in a single building. These two utilizations were closely practiced and interacted from the advent of Islam, mostly in mosques. The construction of such a building reached its zenith at the Qajar period. The city of Isfahan has always been one of the leading...

Mosque-school is one of the prominent multi-functional buildings in Iranian architecture. It integrates training use with praying function in a single building. These two utilizations were closely practiced and interacted from the advent of Islam, mostly in mosques. The construction of such a building reached its zenith at the Qajar period. The city of Isfahan has always been one of the leading...

the art of qajar period includes many unique features and themes. one of the most exceptional features of qajar artworks (painting on tiles) is women motifs depicted at semiprivate and private spaces, at houses of nobilities, and palaces. qajar women in these paintings interact with foreign women’s identity and they have shown a new face of iranian women. the archi-myth of qajar period is inclu...

Persian gardens are valuable historical and cultural human-built landscapes however, deteriorating gradually. Thus, comprehensive studies would be helpful in obtaining deeper insights into different aspects meaning of gardens. The descriptive-analytical approach was used to review the EmaratBirooni garden Urmia (Campus University) as it is only remnant Qajar period demonstrating a clear image p...

Dynasty is a scalable hierarchical system for dynamic load distribution of general divide&conquer applications on large heterogeneous networks of workstations. It is based on economical principles with prices as the basic instrument for regulating ooer and demand. The performance of Dynasty is evaluated by a Finite Element application running on up to 96 workstations.

The kings of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty (1516-1700) frequently married close relatives in such a way that uncle-niece, first cousins and other consanguineous unions were prevalent in that dynasty. In the historical literature, it has been suggested that inbreeding was a major cause responsible for the extinction of the dynasty when the king Charles II, physically and mentally disabled, died i...