The study of neural pre-stimulus or "anticipatory" activity opened a new window for understanding how the brain actively constructs the forthcoming reality. Usually, experimental paradigms designed to study anticipatory activity make use of stimuli. The purpose of the present study is to expand the study of neural anticipatory activity upon the temporal occurrence of dichotomic, statistically u...

Objective: The current study is aimed at evaluating the effect of active muscle on the dynamics of the pre-impact bracing car occupant using numerical simulations. The objective of the study includes identifying the sensitivity of occupant injury metrics to the level of pre-impact bracing action. Problem Outline: Bracing or pre-impact muscle tensing, one of the key reflexive actions adopted fre...

Some New Car Assessment Programs (NCAPs) include pedestrian safety ratings based on crash tests. We compared 2,682 real-world Australasian injury outcomes with provided by the NCAP within speed limit areas where collisions occurred. found that risk of a fatal or severe (involving hospital treatment) was considerably reduced for safest rated vehicles studied, but only in 40km/h less. From perspe...

Over 30 000 fatalities related to the road transport system are reported anually in Europe. Of these fatalities, the largest share is car occupants, even though significant improvements in vehicle safety have been achieved by the implementation of in-crash restraints and pre-crash driver support systems. Integration of pre-crash and in-crash safety systems has a potential to further reduce car ...

in comparison to other transportation modes, riding motorcycle is prone to accidents.  motorcyclists are more exposed to physical injury than the car drivers. many multi-vehicle motorcycles crashes occur, there is right-of-way violation takes place in which another vehicle turns in fronts of a motorcycle, or a sudden cross of path of an on-coming motorcycle. one main factor which leads to high ...

OBJECTIVE A 3-phase real-world motor vehicle crash (MVC) reconstruction method was developed to analyze injury variability as a function of precrash occupant position for 2 full-frontal Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) cases. METHOD Phase I: A finite element (FE) simplified vehicle model (SVM) was developed and tuned to mimic the frontal crash characteristics of the CIREN...

A review of a few Swedish research projects on soft tissue neck injuries in car collisions is presented together with some new results. Efforts to determine neck injury mechanisms was based on a hypothesis stating that injuries to the nerve root region in the cervical spine are a result of transient pressure gradients in the spinal canal during rapid neck bending. In experimental neck trauma re...

conclusion the chances of sustaining serious spine and associated multiple injuries in car accidents are quite high in iran. this may be due to the low level of standards or car manufacturing, absence, or inadequacy of appropriate safety measures in cars, poorly designed roads, and problems in the quality of driving to mention just a few reasons. therefore, these victims are prone to significan...

In previous research, significant effects of weather conditions on car crashes have been found. However, most studies use monthly or yearly data and only few studies are available analyzing the impact of weather conditions on daily car crash counts. Furthermore, the studies that are available on a daily level do not explicitly model the data in a time-series context, hereby ignoring the tempora...