The study of electrochemical reactions in seawater requires understanding the associated coupled chemistry with components seawater, especially role carbonate–bicarbonate buffer system case proton-coupled electron transfer reactions. We report comparative paradigmatic voltammetric response reversible hydrogen oxidation reaction absence or presence dibasic phosphate, formate, bicarbonate. Electr...

The application of a linear algebraic method to the potentiometric titration of a mixture of tartaric and citric acids and sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate (previously treated with strong acid), permits the determination of the concentration of each individual acid and the total equivalent of carbonate in antacids. It is also possible to determine individual concentrations of sodi...

Organic matter removal is accomplished rapidly and efficiently without removing carbonates by treating samples wi~h a sodium hypochlorite solution. Quantities of organic matter lefr in samples by this treatment are commonly less than remain after hydrogen peroxide treatment of acidified samples. Stable suspensions result from the use of a sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate solution to wash and...

1. Suitable conditions have been determined for growing the fungus Phoma foveata in culture for optimum production of pigments. 2. The pigments have been extracted and fractionated according to their solubility in aqueous bicarbonate, carbonate and alkali. 3. The carbonate- and alkali-soluble pigments have been further separated by chromatography and shown to consist of anthraquinone derivative...

Background & Aim:  The hot water extract of a mixture of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Prosopis africana is widely used in the northern part of Nigeria for the treatment and management of asthma. Since investigations of its pharmacological activities already justify its use, and the need for standardization of herbal medicine and develop appropriate dosage forms has continued to g...

The molecular structure of the units that get incorporated into the nuclei of the crystalline phase and sustain their growth is a fundamental issue in the pathway from a supersaturated solution to the formation of crystals. Using a fluorescent dye we have recorded the variation of the pH value in time along a gel where CaCl2 and NaHCO3 counter-diffuse to crystallize CaCO3. The same pH-space-tim...

An ancient Martian hydrosphere consisting of an alkali-rich ocean would likely produce solid carbonate minerals through the processes of evaporation and/or freezing. We postulate that both (or either) of these kinetically-driven processes would produce carbonate minerals whose stable isotopic compositions are highly fractionated (enriched) with respect to the source carbon. Various scenarios ha...

Foraminifera are the most important source of information for oceanographic and climatic reconstruction on glacial–interglacial as well as on much longer time-scales. The information is contained in the chemical composition, especially the Ž 11 13 18 . isotopic ratios, of the calcitic shells e.g., d B, d C, d O . Based on the assumption that our understanding of the major parameters controlling...