Conversion of solar radiation to electricity with Photon-Enhanced Thermionic Emission (PETE) uses both photonic and thermal excitation of charge carriers in a semiconductor. This device includes a semiconductor cathode (which can be composed of several semiconductor materials) illuminated and heated by concentrated sunlight, and a cooler anode, separated by a small vacuum gap. First theoretical...

The performance of carbon rod (CR), titanium sheet (TS), stainless steel woven mesh (SSM) and copper sheet (CS) cathode materials are investigated in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for simultaneous electricity generation and Cu(II) reduction, in multiple batch cycle operations. After 12 cycles, the MFC with CR exhibits 55% reduction in the maximum power density and 76% increase in Cu(II) removal. ...

The lithium oxygen battery is a promising energy storage system due to its high theoretical energy density and ability to use oxygen from air as a “fuel”. Although various carbonaceous materials have been widely used as a cathode material due to their high electronic conductivity and facial processability, previous studies mainly focused on the electrochemical properties associated with the mat...

Capacity and voltage fading of layered structured cathode based on lithium transition-metal oxide is closely related to the lattice position and migration behavior of the transition-metal ions. However, it is scarcely clear about the behavior of each of these transition-metal ions in this category of cathode material. We report direct atomic resolution visualization of interatomic layer mixing ...

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used as energy storage devices in a variety of applications. The cathode architectures and materials have a large influence on the performance of lithium-ion batteries, namely power and energy densities. Three-dimensional bicontinuous cathode structures should help improve the charge and discharge rate performances, while maintaining a high energy capacity. By...

This paper reviews different modification methods to cathode, anode and electrolyte materials in view of their electrochemical properties for application in lithium/sulfur batteries. In the sulfur electrode, carbonaceous materials, conductive polymer materials, and metal oxide adsorbing materials are employed to enhance conductivity and reduce polysulfide dissolution. The effects of anodes and ...

Li2Ni8O10 and LiMn2O4 Nanoparticles as cathode materials of lithium ion battery, were successfully synthesized using lithium acetate, nickel and manganese acetate as Li, Ni and Mn sources and stearic acid as a complexing reagent. The structure of the obtained products were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The shape, size and distribution of the Li2Ni8O10 and LiMn2O4 nanoparticles were observed b...

The present study used the Pechini process with a continuous furnace to synthesize LiMn2O4 powders. After heat treatment, the particle size and lattice constant of the LiMn2O4 powder increased. For heat treatment cathode powders (LMO800), due to both the average valence of Mn cations approaching the theoretical value and the higher crystalinity, the discharge capacities are raised significantly...

Hollow polypyrrole (PPy) nanospheres with high sodium storage capacity as cathode materials for Na-ion batteries were reported. PPy hollow nanospheres demonstrated high current rate capacity and good cyclability. It was revealed by electrochemical testing and DFT calculation that the as-prepared PPy hollow nanospheres participate in reversible doping/de-doping reactions.

This study has been carried out to develop new cathode materials for two types of thermionic cathode. First is concerning to the tungsten electrodes for the plasma furnace and welding torches. The second one is the electrodes for air plasma cutting torch. Tungsten electrodes activated with a single and combined additives of rare earth metal oxides, such as La203,Y203 and Ce02,are produced and p...