For nearly a century, biologists, and botanists in particular, have been interested in the determination and documentation of chromosome numbers for extant taxa (reviewed in Goldblatt & Lowry, 2011) as well as extinct ones (Laane & Hoiland, 1986; Masterson, 1994). These data have beenwidely used to evaluate the evolutionary pattern of chromosome number change and to estimate the base chromosome...

Objective In past decades, the role of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection in cancer pathogenesis has been extensively studied. The viral E7 protein expressed pre-malignant cells identified as an ideal target for immunological intervention. However, cultivation vitro remains a significant challenge, well lack methods expressing and generating replication-competent recombinant particles, which pose...

Heterologous expression of biosynthetic pathways is an important way to research and discover microbial natural products. Bacillus subtilis is a suitable host for the heterologous production of natural products from bacilli and related Firmicutes. Existing technologies for heterologous expression of large biosynthetic gene clusters in B. subtilis are complicated. Herein, we present a simple and...

Rapid and efficient construction of expression vectors and subsequent transformation are basic recombinant methods for the investigation of gene functionality. Although novel cloning methods have recently been developed, many laboratories worldwide continue to use traditional restriction digestion-ligation methods to construct expression vectors owing to financial constraints and the unavailabi...

A putative protease gene (tldD) was previously identified from studying tolerance of letD encoding the CcdB toxin of a toxin-antidote system of the F plasmid in Escherichia coli. While this gene is evolutionarily conserved in archaea and bacteria, the proteolytic activity of encoded proteins remained to be demonstrated experimentally. Here we studied Sso0660, an archaeal TldD homologue encoded ...

With the sequencing of genomes from many organisms now complete and the development of high-throughput sequencing, life science research has entered the functional post-genome era. Therefore, deciphering the function of genes and how they interact is in greater demand. To study an unknown gene, the basic methods are either overexpression or gene knockout by creating transgenic plants, and gene ...