BACKGROUND Piper betle Linn. (Piperaceae) is used as a remedy for gastric ulcers in traditional medicinal systems in Sri Lanka. However, the gastroprotective activity has never been proven scientifically using betel leaves grown in Sri Lanka. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the gastroprotective activity of hot aqueous extract (HAE) and cold ethanolic extract (CEE) of P. betle in rats as the experimenta...

The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the whole plant extract (ethanolic-CEE) of Chrozophora senegalensis and its fractions (ethyl acetate-EAA, n-butanol-NBE, aqueous-AQE) were assayed using the agar plate diffusion and nutrient broth dilution methods. Test microorganisms were Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8326 B76), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Staphylococcu...

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Estrogen-Alone Trial randomized postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, with prior hysterectomy, to conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or placebo with a 5.9-year median duration of CEE use. In 2013, the WHI published outcomes for additional extended follow-up. Reported here for the first time is an analysis of the number needed to treat with CEE rather th...

BACKGROUND Hormone therapy (HT) after the menopause is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Tibolone has pharmacodynamic properties different from other hormone preparations. We compared the effect of a combined HT and tibolone on the inhibition of haemostasis. METHODS Thirty-eight post-menopausal women were randomly assigned to 1.25 or 2.5 mg per day of tibolone or...

BACKGROUND Despite patient safety being recognized as an important healthcare issue in the European Union, there has been variable implementation of patient safety initiatives in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). OBJECTIVE To assess the status of patient safety initiatives in countries in CEE; to describe a process of engagement in Poland, which can serve as a template for the implementation ...

BACKGROUND The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial of conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs), involving 10,739 postmenopausal women with hysterectomy, aged 50 to 79 years, was stopped early owing to lack of overall health benefit and increased risk of stroke. Because CEE is still prescribed for treatment of menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis, it is important to understand...

Several attempts in this laboratory in the last @ or 3 years to culture the Knebs-@ ascites carcinoma of mice had failed. The maximum survival time of the cells in culture was about 10 days. The media used always contained chicken embryo ex tract (CEE). Later, during efforts to develop a culture medium and technic by which single cell cultures could readily be initiated for single-cell irradiat...

Context The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) hormone therapy (HT) trials showed protection against hip and total fractures, but a later observational report suggested loss of benefit and a rebound increased risk after cessation of HT. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine fractures after discontinuation of HT. Design and Setting Two placebo-controlled randomized trials served as...

OBJECTIVES We sought to test whether one month of daily oral conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) or transdermal estradiol alters hemostatic factors in postmenopausal subjects. BACKGROUND Estrogen replacement therapy and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) effect an early increase in cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women. Circulating plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen is a marker o...

There are few reports that demonstrate the antigenotoxic potential of cranberries. Although the types of berry fruits consumed worldwide are many, this paper focuses on cranberries that are commonly consumed in Mexico (Vaccinium macrocarpon species). The purpose of the present study is to determine whether cranberry ethanolic extract (CEE) can prevent the DNA damage produced by benzo[a]pyrene (...