Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder associated with parkinsonism, ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. Its pathology is primarily subcortical comprising vacuolation, neuronal loss, gliosis, and α-synucleinimmunoreactive glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI). To quantify cerebellar pathology in MSA, the density and spatial pattern of the pathological changes were studie...

Tumor cell survival relies upon adaptation to the acidic conditions of the tumor microenvironment. To investigate potential acidosis survival mechanisms, we examined the effect of low pH (6.7) on human breast carcinoma cells. Acute low pH exposure reduced proliferation rate, induced a G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased cytoplasmic vacuolization. Gene expression analysis revealed elevated level...

Human eosinophil degranulation induced by the calcium ionophore A23187 was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and morphometric analysis. After incubation with A23187, eosinophil degranulation was characterized by granule movement to the cell periphery and pentalaminar membrane fusion between perigranular and plasma membranes. As adjacent granules fused they became swolle...

A 35-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus presented with 3 weeks of cough and nasal congestion. She was presumed to have an upper respiratory tract infection. Blood counts showed leukopenia (white blood cell count, 1.8 3 10/L) with absolute neutropenia (0.25 3 10/L). A peripheral blood smear showed granulocytes and lymphocytes with cytoplasmic vacuoles of variable size....

The fine structure of the trophozoite of Acanthamoeba castellanii (Neff strain) has been studied. Locomotor pseudopods, spikelike "acanthopodia," and microprojections from the cell surface are all formed by hyaline cytoplasm, which excludes formed elements of the cell and contains a fine fibrillar material. Golgi complex, smooth and rough forms of endoplasmic reticulum, digestive vacuoles, mito...

A 25-year-old woman presented with lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood showed leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (white blood cell count, 102.9 3 10/L; hemoglobin level, 76 g/L; and platelet count, 32 3 10/L). Peripheral smear demonstrated a predominant population of large cells with reticular chromatin, folded to irregular nuclear contours, and abundant basophilic cytoplasm. Many cells c...

purpose: to report the confocal microscopic features of endothelial vacuolation in donated corneas and to confirm the observed changes by transmission electron microscopy. methods: confocal and transmission electron microscopy were performed on donated corneas with endothelial vacuole formation on slitlamp biomicroscopy. the ultrastructural findings were also compared with those of a normal-loo...

During recent years cytoplasmic corpuscles commonly known as dense bodies, lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, cytosomes, phagosomes, and microbodies have attracted much attention (see reviews by de Duve (3) and Novikoff (5)). Probably the different terms cover the same concept in several cases, but it is not clear what the exact relationship between these various corpuscles is, and whether they ...

Neuronal intranuclear inclusions are found in the brains of patients with Huntington's disease and form from the polyglutamine-expanded N-terminal region of mutant huntingtin. To explore the properties of inclusions and their involvement in cell death, mouse clonal striatal cells were transiently transfected with truncated and full-length human wild-type and mutant huntingtin cDNAs. Both normal...

Abstract Vacuoles are organelles in plant cells that play pivotal roles growth and developmental regulation. The main functions of vacuoles include maintaining cell acidity turgor pressure, regulating the storage transport substances, controlling localization key proteins through endocytic lysosomal-vacuolar pathways, responding to biotic abiotic stresses. Further, localized either tonoplast (v...