sociology of the artists is one of the subfields in the sociology of art which studies artists from at least two points of view. first, it studies individual, social and cultural characteristics of artists and the relationships of these factors to their tendencies towards becoming artist. second, it addresses the styles and contents prevailing in the artists’ work in a certain period of time an...

Standard signature verification (SV) systems are writer-dependent (WD), where a specific classifier is designed for each individual. It is inconvenient to ask a user to provide enough number of signature samples to design his WD classifier. In practice, very few samples are collected and inaccurate classifiers maybe produced. To overcome this, writer-independent (WI) systems are introduced. A g...

A new writer adaption method based on incremental linear discriminant analysis (ILDA) is presented in this paper. We first provide a more general solution for ILDA and then present a Weighted ILDA (WILDA) approach. Based on ILDA or WILDA, the writer adaptation is performed by updating the LDA transformation matrix and the classifier prototypes in the discriminative feature space. Experimental r...

Background: The publication of articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals is a fairly complex and stepwise process that involves responding to referees’ comments. Little guidance is available in the biomedical literature on how to deal with such comments. Objective: The objective of this article is to provide guidance to notice writers on dealing with peer review comments in a way that maxim...

This paper presents a survey of the literature on writer identification schemes and techniques up till date. The paper outlines an overview of the writer identification schemes mainly in Chinese, English, Arabic and Persian languages. Taxonomy of different features adopted for online and offline writer identification schemes is also drawn at. The feature extraction methods adopted for the schem...