• The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy conducted a survey and found that between 1988 and 1995, Americans spent over $57 billion on illegal drugs of abuse. • The Lewin Group for the National Institute on Drug Abuse found that in 1992, the estimated total economic cost of alcohol and drug abuse was $245.7 billion. This estimate included the cost for substance abuse treatment, c...

In this work, we formulate a nonlinear programming model for the design of an integrated microalgaebased biorefinery for the production of biodiesel and value added co-products which depend on the particular microalgae species considered. The production of biogas by anaerobic digestion of the oil cake together with waste streams is included. The process scheme includes the possibility to use gl...

During the past century, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of chemicals produced. Worldwide, there are more than 5 million known chemicals, with an additional 10,000 to 20,000 new chemicals developed each year. Furthermore, an estimated 500,000 unique shipments of hazardous materials occur daily throughout the United States, resulting in thousands of exposures to hazardous materi...

In this paper, we propose a new model-based approach for the fault diagnosis of hybrid dynamic systems (HDS), in particular discretely controlled continuous system (DCCS). The goal is to construct a diagnosis module (called diagnoser) able to diagnose parametric and discrete faults. Parametric faults are characterized by abnormal changes in some system parameters whereas discrete faults are att...

background: in this study, the chemical quality of water in some sub-basins of gamasiab river has been investigated for a long term planning of water consuming in the region . methods: the area is about 11 x10 3 km 2 , located in ramadan and kermanshah, the two western regions of iran. in this regard the results of the water samples, which were collected on the outlet of the 13 hydrometrical st...

risk assessment and management techniques are used in industrial activities to reduce accidents by applying preventive and protective methods. in this article a preventive approach called hazard and operability study (hazop) was used. the application of hazop, a process hazard identification and control method, has been demonstrated in the fatty acid unit of golnar oil company, northwest of teh...

In order to investigate effect of application of Nitroxin and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components, split plot experiment on the basis of Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted. Four levels of Nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 100% chemical fertilizer, N2: 75% chemical fertilizer + 100% biological fertilizer, N3: 50% chemical fertilizer + 100% biologi...

background: the use of chemicals is essential in education resulting in exposure to these pollutant in a variety of chemical and research laboratories. chemical contaminants in chemical laboratories are in different forms and chemical exposure risk assessment is important for choosing appropriate controls in protecting the health of operators, experts and students. for risk assessment in chemic...

When a single object is created from its constituents, a step-bystep assembly strategy is a modus operandi which allows the control of success and sometimes even an error correction after each sequential step. Moreover, it guarantees the uniqueness of the fabricated object. However, the fabrication of several identical objects by assembly or by shaping its constituents is much more effective if...