Pollinator services and the development of beekeeping as a poverty alleviating tool have gained considerable focus in recent years in sub-Saharan Africa. An improved understanding of the pervasive environmental extent of agro-chemical contaminants is critical to the success of beekeeping development and the production of clean hive products. This study developed and validated a multi-residue me...

In this study, the effect of pesticides with different modes of action is assessed in the standard test species Enchytraeus albidus. These are important inhabitants of a wide variety of soil types and suitable test organisms for environmental risk assessment through the determination of effects on survival and reproduction. The main goals of this study were to test the toxicity of a range of pe...

During the last three decades, the use of modern organic synthetic pesticides has increased about 40-fold. Total U.S. production, for domestic and expert use, in 1976 was about 1.4 million pounds. Crops receiving the most intensive application of various pesticides were cotton for insecticides, corn for herbicides, and fruits and vegetables for fungicides. Examination of use trends of pesticide...

This thesis discusses terrestrial field trials to detect side-effects of pesticides, and concentrates on the roles of field trials in pesticide registration procedures and in research into the nature and extent of side-effects of pesticides in the Netherlands. The study was conducted at the Centre of Environmental Science at Leiden University (CML). Most of the results have been derived from a ...

Over 30 years ago, Environmental Science and Technology published a feature article, “Wildlife Toxicology”, which posed the hypothesis that “Human health is believed to be threatened by exposure to such chemical contaminants as agricultural pesticides and industrial waste. Does it not stand to reason, therefore, that the health of wildlife could be affected similarly by toxic chemical pollutant...

An ecofriendly alternative to chemical pesticides is biopesticides, which encompasses a broad array of microbial pesticides, biochemicals derived from micro-organisms and other natural sources, and processes involving the genetic incorporation of DNA into agricultural commodities that confer protection against pest damage. Biopesticides fall into three major classes. The potential benefits to a...

Consumers of fruits and vegetables are frequently exposed to small amounts of hormonally active pesticides, some of them sharing a common mode of action such as the activation of the human estrogen receptor α (hERα) or β (hERβ). Therefore, it is of particular importance to evaluate risks emanating from chemical mixtures, in which the individual pesticides are present at human-relevant concentra...

BACKGROUND Farming has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the role of pesticides is not known. OBJECTIVES We examined associations between RA and pesticides or other agricultural exposures among female spouses of licensed pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. METHODS Women were enrolled between 1993 and 1997 and followed through 2010. Cases (n = 275 total,...

There is an increasing concern regarding the widespread use of pesticides and their potential impacts on public health. Pesticides differ from other chemical substances because they are toxic chemicals deliberately spread into the environment with the aim of controlling undesired living species. Since their toxicity may not be completely specific for the target organisms, their use may pose a r...

Innovation and Benefits A fundamental aspect of chemistry involves creating chemical bonds between carbon atoms. Chemical processes commonly used to make such bonds usually also generate significant amounts of waste. Professor Krische developed a broad new class of chemical reactions that make bonds between carbon atoms using hydrogen and metal catalysts. This new class of reactions can be used...